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Pharmacology > Renal Quiz > Flashcards

Renal Quiz Flashcards

1
Q

Diuretic Categories

A 
Thiazide
Loop
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor
Potassium sparing
Osmotic
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2
Q

what do thiazides do

A

block Cl pump in ascending and distal tubules

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3
Q

urine volume is not increased in which diuretic

A

thiazide

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4
Q

adverse effects for thiazides

A

hypokalemia
altered BG
decreased Ca excretion

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5
Q

indications for thiazide

A

edema

hypertension (safe)

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6
Q

contraindications for thiazides

A

allergy

fluid/elec imbalances

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7
Q

thiazides should not be used with what drugs

A

lithium

digoxin (K falls in both)

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8
Q

should you keep drinking water on diuretics

A

yes or else rebound fluid

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9
Q

thiazide drug

A

hydrochlorothiazide (HydroDIURIL)

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10
Q

what do loops do

A

block Cl pump in ascending and descending loop of henle and DCT

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11
Q

what do you lose with loops

A

Na
Cl
Copious fluid

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12
Q

indications for loops

A

CHF
edema
too powerful for HTN

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13
Q

contraindications for loops

A

elec depletion

anuria

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14
Q

what supplements will be given with loops

A

Vitamin K

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15
Q

adverse effects of loops

A

low elec
alkalosis
reversible hearing loss

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16
Q

what will treat dig toxicity

A

water, K and salt

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17
Q

loop drug

A

furosemide (Lasix)

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18
Q

what do CAI do

A

block carbonic anhydrase

slow movement of H+

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19
Q

what do you lose with CAI

A

Na

Bicarb (urine becomes basic)

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20
Q

indications for CAI

A

angle open glaucoma

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21
Q

contraindications for CAI

A

angle closure glaucoma (can cause blindness if pressure is not released)

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22
Q

adverse effects of CAI

A 
basic urine
metabolic acidosis
paresthesias
confusion
drowsiness
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23
Q

what drugs cannot be used with CAI

A

salicylates (toxic)
lithium (TF)
sulfa drugs (rxn)

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24
Q

CAI drug

A

acetazolamide (Diamox)

25
Q

what do potassium sparing drugs do

A

cause Na loss
retain K
block aldosterone in distal tubule

26
Q

indications for potasssium sparing

A

with thiazide or loop
risk for hypokalemia
hyperaldosteronism

27
Q

contraindications for potassium sparing

A

hyperkalemia
renal disease
anuria

28
Q

adverse effect of potassium sparing

A

hyperkalemia

29
Q

what causes TF in potassium sparing

A

aspirin

30
Q

potassium sparing drug

A

spironolactone (Aldactone)

31
Q

what do osmotics do

A

pull water into tubule without Na loss

32
Q

indications for osmotics

A

ICP or acute renal failure from MODS
drug overdose
trauma

33
Q

contraindications for osmotics

A 
renal disease
anuria
pulmonary congestion
IC bleeding
CHF
34
Q

adverse effects of osmotics

A

hypovolemic shock

35
Q

osmotic drug

A

mannitol

36
Q

what to assess with diuretics

A 
measure edema
daily weight
I&Os
BUN
Creatinine
37
Q

signs of acute pyelonephritis

A

chills
flank pain
fever
tenderness

38
Q

what do anti-infectives do

A

destroy bacteria in urinary tract

39
Q

what should you always ask before anti-infectives

A

allergies! (reactions are very strong)

40
Q

keys to healing from UTI

A

perineal hygiene

increased fluid intake

41
Q

anti-infective drugs

A

ciprofloxacin (Cipro)

nitrofurantoin (Furadantin)

42
Q

what do antispasmodics do

A

block spasms of urinary tract
block PNS activity = anticholinergic
relax detrusor an other muscles

43
Q

indications for antispasmodics

A

bladder spasm

dysuria

44
Q

contraindications for antispasmodics

A

glaucoma
myasthenia gravis
GI obstructions
acute hemorrhage

45
Q

antispasmodic drug

A

oxybutynin (Ditropan)

46
Q

what do UT analgesias do

A

exerts topical analgesic effect on urinary mucosa

47
Q

indications for UT analgesics

A

relief of symptoms from UTI

48
Q

adverse effect of UT analgesics

A

red-orange urine

49
Q

UT anagesia drug

A

phenazopyridine (Azo Standard)

50
Q

what do bladder protectants do

A

adheres to bladder wall and acts as a buffer to control cell permeability
prevents irritating solutes in urine from reaching bladder

51
Q

indications for bladder protectants

A

interstitial cystitis

52
Q

contraindications of bladder protectants

A

bleeding conditions

53
Q

badder protectant drug

A

pentosan polysulfate (Elmiron)

54
Q

what do alpha adrenergic blockers do

A

block receptors in SNS

55
Q

adverse effects of alpha adrenergic blockers

A

tachycardia
hypotension
sexual dysfunction

56
Q

alpha adrenergic blocker drugs

A

doxazosin (Cardura)

tamsulosin (Flomax)

57
Q

what do testosterone blockers do

A

inhibit intracellular enzyme that converts test to DHT which develops and maintains the prostate gland

58
Q

adverse effects of testosterone blockers

A

decreased libido
impotence
no blood donations for 6 months

59
Q

testosterone blocker drug

A

finasteride (Propecia)

Pharmacology (10 decks)

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