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Person Renal > Renal Physiology PP#2 > Flashcards

Renal Physiology PP#2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the purpose of the glomerulus?

A

Form a ultrafiltrate (fluid in bowmans space) of plasma

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2
Q

How are capillaries in the glomerulus different from other capillaries?

A
  • Fenestrations

- Slit pores

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3
Q

What arteriole plays a large role in flow through the glomerulus?

A

Afferent

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4
Q

The basement membrane if the glomerulus is _______ selective.

A

Charge

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5
Q

Due to the negative charge of the glomerular basement membrane, what type of charge proteins will be repelled?

A

Negative

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6
Q

What causes the negative charge of the glomerular basement membrane?

A

Glycoproteins

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7
Q

Since the glomerulus is size selective, what size molecules will not pass?

A

anything greater then 50-100 angstroms

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8
Q

What is GFR?

A

Total volume per unit time that leaves the capillaries and enter Bowman’s space.

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9
Q

Of all organs, only the _______ gets a higher % of CO.

A

Liver

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10
Q

Renal blood flow is about what % of cardiac output?

A

20 (1.2L per minute)

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11
Q

Of the 120ml/min filtered into bowmans space, what percent becomes urine?

A

1%

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12
Q

Name the 4 factors that determine GFR.

A
  • Ultrafiltration coefficient
  • Oncotic pressure
  • Hydraulic pressure
  • Capillary plasma flow rate
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13
Q

What pressure drives fluid from capillaries into bowman’s capsule?

A

Net hydraulic

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14
Q

What pressure opposes filtration?

A

Oncotic

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15
Q

As plasma moves towards the end of glomerular filtration, filtration slows why?

A
  • Increase in oncotic pressure (↓ plasma proteins)

- Capillary hydrostatic pressure drops (less fluid in capillary)

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16
Q

Autoregulation of GFR is constant between what MAP range?

A

80-200

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17
Q

What 2 mechanisms are responsible for GFR autoregulation.

A
  • afferent and efferent constriction and dilation

- ↑ Na to macula densa

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18
Q

What is renal clearance?

A

Volume of plasma from which all of a substance is removed in one pass through the kidney

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19
Q

If a substance is neither secreted or cleared, then its clearance is = to what?

A

GFR

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20
Q

If a substance is completely reabsorbed then its clearance equals what?

A

0

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21
Q

If Cx is greater than GFR there must be _________.

A

Secretion

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22
Q

If Cx is less than GFR there must be__________.

A

Reabsorbtion

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23
Q

If Cx is equal to GFR there is _____________.

A

Neither secretion or reabsorption

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24
Q

What substance is used to measure clearance?

A

creatinine

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25
Q

Creatinine is a normal component of what?

A

Blood

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26
Q

Creatinine is byproduct of what?

A

Skeletal muscle protein

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27
Q

What is the best test for creatinine clearance?

A

24 hour urine

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28
Q

% functioning nephrons and GFR of normal renal function.

A

100%

125 GFR

29
Q

% functioning nephrons and GFR of reducedl renal function.

A

10-40%

12-80 GFR

30
Q

% functioning nephrons and GFR of renal failure.

A

<12 GFR

31
Q

What are the 3 mechanisms of reabsorption and secretion.

A
  • Active
  • Passive
  • Secondary active
32
Q

What are the two types of passive transport?

A

Simple

Facilitated

33
Q

What type of mechanism moves a solute against a concentration gradient, coupled w/ another solute?

A

Secondary active transport

34
Q

in secondary active transport, The secretion or absorption of a substance is proportional to the concentration of the carrier substrate until what is reached?

A

Maximum transport rate

35
Q

What is main reabsorptive area of the nephron?

A

Proximal tubule

36
Q

T/F reabsorption in the proximal tubule is hyperosmotic.

A

F - Iso-osmotic

37
Q

What region in the nephron is carbonic anyhdrase present?

A

Proximal Tubule

38
Q

What does carbonic anyhdrase help reabsorb?

A

Bicarb

39
Q

Where is bicarb reabsorbed?

A

Proximal tubule

40
Q

How much sodium and water are reabsorbed in the proximal Tubule?

A

2/3

41
Q

Name 3 things which are secreted into the proximal tubule.

A
  • Organic acids
  • Organic Bases
  • Ammonia
42
Q

_____ Pumps are responsible for secretion in the proximal tubule.

A

Anion Pumps

43
Q

Why is there an increase in Cl- in fluid leaving the proximal tubule?

A

To maintain tubular electroneutrality, in place of reabsorbed bicarb.

44
Q

What 3 substance are not normally found in fluid that leaves the proximal tubule?

A
  • Glucose
  • Protein
  • Amino Acids
45
Q

What are the 3 segments of the loop of Henle?

A
  • Descending thin
  • Ascending thin
  • Thick ascending
46
Q

What is the function of the descending thin segment?

A

-Simple diffusion of substances

47
Q

T/F the descending thin segment is moderately permeable to water and highly permeable to solutes.

A

F- Highly permeable to water and moderately permeable to solutes

48
Q

The thin ascending limb is _________ to water.

A

Impermeable

49
Q

What is the key feature of the thick ascending limb?

A

-Impermeable to water while solute is pumped out

50
Q

What is the target site of lasix?

A

Luminal membrane of the thick ascending limb

51
Q

What nephron segment is Cl- actively transported?

A

Thick ascending limb

52
Q

What kind of pump does the luminal membrane of the thick ascending loop have?

A

1Na, 1K, 2Cl-

53
Q

The thin ascending limb has some reabsorptive capacity for what ions?

A
  • Calcium
  • Bicarb
  • Mag
54
Q

The thick ascending limb is also called what?

A

the diluting segment of the nephron

55
Q

How is the TAL important to concentrating urine?

A
  • active pumping creates a hypertonic interstitium

- H2O impermeability creates dilute fluid

56
Q

In the TAL what drives the reabsorption of mag and calcium?

A

Positive intraluminal charge.

57
Q

The first portion of the distal tubule provides feedback control of what?

A

GFR and blood flow

58
Q

Later distal tubules control what?

A

Degree of urine dilution and concentration

59
Q

Water permeability is controlled by what?

A

ADH

60
Q

_______ levels of ADH makes the tubular segments ________ to water, while ________ of ADH make tubules ________ to water.

A

High, Permeable, absence, impermeable,

61
Q

Reabsorption of Na and secretion of K is controlled by what?

A

Aldosterone

62
Q

Where is Acid (H+) actively transported out tubular fluid?

A

Late distal tubule

63
Q

What are the 2 cell types found in the distal tubules?

A

Principal cells

Intercalated cells

64
Q

What type of cells reabsorb Na and water a d secrete K?

A

Principal

65
Q

Intercalated cells do what?

A

Reabsorb bicarb and K

secrete Hydrogen

66
Q

What is the final site for urine processing?

A

collecting duct

67
Q

What area is permeable to urea?

A

Collecting duct

68
Q

What is the role of urea?

A

increases osmolality of medulla

Person Renal (6 decks)

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