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Renal Physiology PP#2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the purpose of the glomerulus?

A

Form a ultrafiltrate (fluid in bowmans space) of plasma

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2
Q

How are capillaries in the glomerulus different from other capillaries?

A
  • Fenestrations

- Slit pores

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3
Q

What arteriole plays a large role in flow through the glomerulus?

A

Afferent

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4
Q

The basement membrane if the glomerulus is _______ selective.

A

Charge

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5
Q

Due to the negative charge of the glomerular basement membrane, what type of charge proteins will be repelled?

A

Negative

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6
Q

What causes the negative charge of the glomerular basement membrane?

A

Glycoproteins

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7
Q

Since the glomerulus is size selective, what size molecules will not pass?

A

anything greater then 50-100 angstroms

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8
Q

What is GFR?

A

Total volume per unit time that leaves the capillaries and enter Bowman’s space.

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9
Q

Of all organs, only the _______ gets a higher % of CO.

A

Liver

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10
Q

Renal blood flow is about what % of cardiac output?

A

20 (1.2L per minute)

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11
Q

Of the 120ml/min filtered into bowmans space, what percent becomes urine?

A

1%

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12
Q

Name the 4 factors that determine GFR.

A
  • Ultrafiltration coefficient
  • Oncotic pressure
  • Hydraulic pressure
  • Capillary plasma flow rate
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13
Q

What pressure drives fluid from capillaries into bowman’s capsule?

A

Net hydraulic

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14
Q

What pressure opposes filtration?

A

Oncotic

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15
Q

As plasma moves towards the end of glomerular filtration, filtration slows why?

A
  • Increase in oncotic pressure (↓ plasma proteins)

- Capillary hydrostatic pressure drops (less fluid in capillary)

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16
Q

Autoregulation of GFR is constant between what MAP range?

A

80-200

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17
Q

What 2 mechanisms are responsible for GFR autoregulation.

A
  • afferent and efferent constriction and dilation

- ↑ Na to macula densa

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18
Q

What is renal clearance?

A

Volume of plasma from which all of a substance is removed in one pass through the kidney

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19
Q

If a substance is neither secreted or cleared, then its clearance is = to what?

A

GFR

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20
Q

If a substance is completely reabsorbed then its clearance equals what?

A

0

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21
Q

If Cx is greater than GFR there must be _________.

A

Secretion

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22
Q

If Cx is less than GFR there must be__________.

A

Reabsorbtion

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23
Q

If Cx is equal to GFR there is _____________.

A

Neither secretion or reabsorption

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24
Q

What substance is used to measure clearance?

A

creatinine

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25
Creatinine is a normal component of what?
Blood
26
Creatinine is byproduct of what?
Skeletal muscle protein
27
What is the best test for creatinine clearance?
24 hour urine
28
% functioning nephrons and GFR of normal renal function.
100% | 125 GFR
29
% functioning nephrons and GFR of reducedl renal function.
10-40% | 12-80 GFR
30
% functioning nephrons and GFR of renal failure.
<12 GFR
31
What are the 3 mechanisms of reabsorption and secretion.
- Active - Passive - Secondary active
32
What are the two types of passive transport?
Simple | Facilitated
33
What type of mechanism moves a solute against a concentration gradient, coupled w/ another solute?
Secondary active transport
34
in secondary active transport, The secretion or absorption of a substance is proportional to the concentration of the carrier substrate until what is reached?
Maximum transport rate
35
What is main reabsorptive area of the nephron?
Proximal tubule
36
T/F reabsorption in the proximal tubule is hyperosmotic.
F - Iso-osmotic
37
What region in the nephron is carbonic anyhdrase present?
Proximal Tubule
38
What does carbonic anyhdrase help reabsorb?
Bicarb
39
Where is bicarb reabsorbed?
Proximal tubule
40
How much sodium and water are reabsorbed in the proximal Tubule?
2/3
41
Name 3 things which are secreted into the proximal tubule.
- Organic acids - Organic Bases - Ammonia
42
_____ Pumps are responsible for secretion in the proximal tubule.
Anion Pumps
43
Why is there an increase in Cl- in fluid leaving the proximal tubule?
To maintain tubular electroneutrality, in place of reabsorbed bicarb.
44
What 3 substance are not normally found in fluid that leaves the proximal tubule?
- Glucose - Protein - Amino Acids
45
What are the 3 segments of the loop of Henle?
- Descending thin - Ascending thin - Thick ascending
46
What is the function of the descending thin segment?
-Simple diffusion of substances
47
T/F the descending thin segment is moderately permeable to water and highly permeable to solutes.
F- Highly permeable to water and moderately permeable to solutes
48
The thin ascending limb is _________ to water.
Impermeable
49
What is the key feature of the thick ascending limb?
-Impermeable to water while solute is pumped out
50
What is the target site of lasix?
Luminal membrane of the thick ascending limb
51
What nephron segment is Cl- actively transported?
Thick ascending limb
52
What kind of pump does the luminal membrane of the thick ascending loop have?
1Na, 1K, 2Cl-
53
The thin ascending limb has some reabsorptive capacity for what ions?
- Calcium - Bicarb - Mag
54
The thick ascending limb is also called what?
the diluting segment of the nephron
55
How is the TAL important to concentrating urine?
- active pumping creates a hypertonic interstitium | - H2O impermeability creates dilute fluid
56
In the TAL what drives the reabsorption of mag and calcium?
Positive intraluminal charge.
57
The first portion of the distal tubule provides feedback control of what?
GFR and blood flow
58
Later distal tubules control what?
Degree of urine dilution and concentration
59
Water permeability is controlled by what?
ADH
60
_______ levels of ADH makes the tubular segments ________ to water, while ________ of ADH make tubules ________ to water.
High, Permeable, absence, impermeable,
61
Reabsorption of Na and secretion of K is controlled by what?
Aldosterone
62
Where is Acid (H+) actively transported out tubular fluid?
Late distal tubule
63
What are the 2 cell types found in the distal tubules?
Principal cells | Intercalated cells
64
What type of cells reabsorb Na and water a d secrete K?
Principal
65
Intercalated cells do what?
Reabsorb bicarb and K | secrete Hydrogen
66
What is the final site for urine processing?
collecting duct
67
What area is permeable to urea?
Collecting duct
68
What is the role of urea?
increases osmolality of medulla

Person Renal (6 decks)

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