Body Fluid Compartments PP#1

Question 1

Name 4 ways the body loses water?

Answer 1

• insensible
• sweat
• Feces
• kidneys

Question 2

How many liters are in the intracellular compartmen?

Answer 2

28L

Question 3

How many liters are in the intersitital compartment?

Answer 3

11L

Question 4

How many liters of plasma are there in the body?

Answer 4

3L

Question 5

What makes up the extracellular fluid compartment?

Answer 5

• Interstitial

- Blood / plasma

Question 6

What ions make up the bulk of extracellular fluid?

Answer 6

• Sodium
• Chloride
• Bicarb

Question 7

What ions make up the bulk of intracellular fluid?

Answer 7

• Potassium
• Phosphates
• Protein

Question 8

Describe the 3 steps of the indicator dilution method

Answer 8

• Place known substance in unknown substance
• Allow for dispersion
• Measure

Question 9

What determines distribution of fluid between intracellular and extracellular compartments?

Answer 9

osmotic effects of small solutes (trying to equalize)

Question 10

What is a mole?

Answer 10

Specific quantity of molecules (ex. nacl)

Question 11

What is an osmole?

Answer 11

Number of particles (ex. na or cl) in a solution

Question 12

How many particles per molecule?

Answer 12

more than 1

Question 13

What do molecules do when dissolved into a solution?

Answer 13

separate

Question 14

How big is a milliosmole?

Answer 14

1/1000 osmole

Question 15

What is osmolality?

Answer 15

osmoles per kg of water

Question 16

What is osmolarity?

Answer 16

osmole per liter of solution

Question 17

What term is used in medicine, osmolality or osmolarity?

Answer 17

Osmolarity

Question 18

What is osmotic pressure?

Answer 18

Amount of pressure needed to prevent osmosis.

Question 19

Osmotic pressure is proportional to what?

Answer 19

concentration of osmotically active particles

Question 20

Do molecules that dissociate when dissolved have more of less osmotic effect?

Answer 20

More (because there are more particles)

Question 21

1 mOsm change =

Answer 21

20 mmHg osmotic pressure

Question 22

What maintains the greater pressure in the capillaries?

Answer 22

Plasma protiens

Question 23

What is the total osmolarity of each compartment?

Answer 23

roughly 300 mOsm/L

Question 24

What happens to a cell placed into a hypotonic solution?

Answer 24

Cell swells

Question 25

What happens to a cell placed into a isotonic solution?

Answer 25

No change in cell

Question 26

What happens to a cell placed into a hypertonic solution?

Answer 26

Cell shrinks

Question 27

What happens when you add an isotonic solution the blood stream?

Answer 27

- Increase in volume | - Osmolarity stays the same

Question 28

What happens when you add an hypotonic solution the blood stream?

Answer 28

- Increase in volume | - Osmolarity decreases

Question 29

What happens when you add an Hypertonic solution the blood stream?

Answer 29

- Increase in volume | - Increase osmolarity

Question 30

Define hyponatremia.

Answer 30

Excess water | Loss of sodium

Question 31

Define hypernatremia

Answer 31

Loss of water | Excess sodium

Question 32

What are 5 common causes of hyponatremia?

Answer 32

``` Diarrhea vomiting addisons disease Water retention (ADH) Diuretic abuse ```

Question 33

What are 4 common causes of hypernatremia?

Answer 33

Lack of ADH Diabetes Dehydration Aldosterone

Question 34

What is edema?

Answer 34

Excess fluid in tissue

Question 35

What compartment does edema normally effect?

Answer 35

Extracellular

Question 36

Name 4 conditions in which intracellular edema can occur.

Answer 36

- Inflammation - ↓ cell metabolic function - ↓ cell nutrition - ↓ blood flow

Question 37

What is the underlying cause of intracellular edema?

Answer 37

- Ionic pumps on cell membrane do not function properly | - Cannot keep concentration gradients

Question 38

What are the 4 causes of extracellular edema?

Answer 38

- ↑capillary pressure - ↓ plasma proteins - ↑ capillary permiability - Blockage of lymphatic return

Question 39

What are 3 factors that prevent edema?

Answer 39

- Low interstitial compliance - ↑ lymphatic drainage - Wash down of plasma proteins

Question 40

What are the 3 reasons for kidneys?

Answer 40

- Fluid volume - Waste excretion - Hormone secretion

Question 41

What % of CO is for the kidneys?

Answer 41

22%

Question 42

Why does O2 consumption vary in the kidney?

Answer 42

The more sodium it needs to process, the harder it works.

Question 43

Where is the highest metabolism found?

Answer 43

Renal cortex

Question 44

On a per gram basis ______ ______ to the kidney is the highest of any organ.

Answer 44

Blood Flow

Question 45

What is the functional unit of the kidney?

Answer 45

Nephron

Question 46

What are the 2 types of nephrons?

Answer 46

- Cortical | - Juxtamedullary

Question 47

Cortical nephrons have ______ loops of henle while Juxtamedullary have _______ loops of henle.

Answer 47

Short, Long

Question 48

Where are juxtamedullary nephrons found?

Answer 48

Deep into the medulla

Question 49

Which nephron plays a big role in concentrating urine?

Answer 49

Juxtamedullary