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Person Renal > Body Fluid Compartments PP#1 > Flashcards

Body Fluid Compartments PP#1 Flashcards

1
Q

Name 4 ways the body loses water?

A
  • insensible
  • sweat
  • Feces
  • kidneys
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2
Q

How many liters are in the intracellular compartmen?

A

28L

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3
Q

How many liters are in the intersitital compartment?

A

11L

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4
Q

How many liters of plasma are there in the body?

A

3L

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5
Q

What makes up the extracellular fluid compartment?

A
  • Interstitial

- Blood / plasma

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6
Q

What ions make up the bulk of extracellular fluid?

A
  • Sodium
  • Chloride
  • Bicarb
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7
Q

What ions make up the bulk of intracellular fluid?

A
  • Potassium
  • Phosphates
  • Protein
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8
Q

Describe the 3 steps of the indicator dilution method

A
  • Place known substance in unknown substance
  • Allow for dispersion
  • Measure
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9
Q

What determines distribution of fluid between intracellular and extracellular compartments?

A

osmotic effects of small solutes (trying to equalize)

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10
Q

What is a mole?

A

Specific quantity of molecules (ex. nacl)

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11
Q

What is an osmole?

A

Number of particles (ex. na or cl) in a solution

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12
Q

How many particles per molecule?

A

more than 1

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13
Q

What do molecules do when dissolved into a solution?

A

separate

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14
Q

How big is a milliosmole?

A

1/1000 osmole

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15
Q

What is osmolality?

A

osmoles per kg of water

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16
Q

What is osmolarity?

A

osmole per liter of solution

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17
Q

What term is used in medicine, osmolality or osmolarity?

A

Osmolarity

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18
Q

What is osmotic pressure?

A

Amount of pressure needed to prevent osmosis.

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19
Q

Osmotic pressure is proportional to what?

A

concentration of osmotically active particles

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20
Q

Do molecules that dissociate when dissolved have more of less osmotic effect?

A

More (because there are more particles)

21
Q

1 mOsm change =

A

20 mmHg osmotic pressure

22
Q

What maintains the greater pressure in the capillaries?

A

Plasma protiens

23
Q

What is the total osmolarity of each compartment?

A

roughly 300 mOsm/L

24
Q

What happens to a cell placed into a hypotonic solution?

A

Cell swells

25
Q

What happens to a cell placed into a isotonic solution?

A

No change in cell

26
Q

What happens to a cell placed into a hypertonic solution?

A

Cell shrinks

27
Q

What happens when you add an isotonic solution the blood stream?

A
  • Increase in volume

- Osmolarity stays the same

28
Q

What happens when you add an hypotonic solution the blood stream?

A
  • Increase in volume

- Osmolarity decreases

29
Q

What happens when you add an Hypertonic solution the blood stream?

A
  • Increase in volume

- Increase osmolarity

30
Q

Define hyponatremia.

A

Excess water

Loss of sodium

31
Q

Define hypernatremia

A

Loss of water

Excess sodium

32
Q

What are 5 common causes of hyponatremia?

A 
Diarrhea 
vomiting 
addisons disease
Water retention (ADH)
Diuretic abuse
33
Q

What are 4 common causes of hypernatremia?

A

Lack of ADH
Diabetes
Dehydration
Aldosterone

34
Q

What is edema?

A

Excess fluid in tissue

35
Q

What compartment does edema normally effect?

A

Extracellular

36
Q

Name 4 conditions in which intracellular edema can occur.

A
  • Inflammation
  • ↓ cell metabolic function
  • ↓ cell nutrition
  • ↓ blood flow
37
Q

What is the underlying cause of intracellular edema?

A
  • Ionic pumps on cell membrane do not function properly

- Cannot keep concentration gradients

38
Q

What are the 4 causes of extracellular edema?

A
  • ↑capillary pressure
  • ↓ plasma proteins
  • ↑ capillary permiability
  • Blockage of lymphatic return
39
Q

What are 3 factors that prevent edema?

A
  • Low interstitial compliance
  • ↑ lymphatic drainage
  • Wash down of plasma proteins
40
Q

What are the 3 reasons for kidneys?

A
  • Fluid volume
  • Waste excretion
  • Hormone secretion
41
Q

What % of CO is for the kidneys?

A

22%

42
Q

Why does O2 consumption vary in the kidney?

A

The more sodium it needs to process, the harder it works.

43
Q

Where is the highest metabolism found?

A

Renal cortex

44
Q

On a per gram basis ______ ______ to the kidney is the highest of any organ.

A

Blood Flow

45
Q

What is the functional unit of the kidney?

A

Nephron

46
Q

What are the 2 types of nephrons?

A
  • Cortical

- Juxtamedullary

47
Q

Cortical nephrons have ______ loops of henle while Juxtamedullary have _______ loops of henle.

A

Short, Long

48
Q

Where are juxtamedullary nephrons found?

A

Deep into the medulla

49
Q

Which nephron plays a big role in concentrating urine?

A

Juxtamedullary

Person Renal (6 decks)

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