RENAL PHYSIOLOGY Flashcards
What are the important functions of Renal Physiology
- Elimination of end product of metabolism
- Elimination of the excess body of water
- Elimination substances like drugs
- Maintence of electrostatic balance
- Secretion of erythropoietin (hormon)
Composition of Renal Physiology
- Kidney - filtration of blood results into urine
- Ureter - carry the urine to the bladder
- Bladder - stores the urine
- Urethra - delivers the urine for Excretion
Composition of Kidney
- Cortex - Outer Area
- Medulla - Inner Area
- Renal Pyramid - triangular structure within the medulla
- Minor Calyx - funnel shaped structure
- Major Calyx - union of minor calyces
- Renal Pelvis - union of major calyces, large collection funnel which narrows to form ureter
How many NEPHRONS does a kidney have?
Each Kidney has 1-1.5M of Nephron
Responsible for Selective Clearing of the waste product from blood and for the maintenance of essential water and electrolyte balance.
Nephron
3 Processes involved in Nehpron
- Glomerular Filtration (Glomerulus - Bowman’s Capsule)
- Tubular Reabsorption
- Tubular Secretion
-Renal Tubular System (PCT, Loop of Henle, DCT, Collecting Ducts).
A type of Nephron that makes up of 85% of NEPHRONS and responsible for removal of waste product and reabsorption of nutrients.
Cortical Nephrons
A type of Nephron with primary function of concentration of the urine, it has longer loops Henle that extend deep into the medulla of kidney.
Juxtamedullary Nephrons
Renal Blood Flow
- Renal Artery
- Afferent Arteriole
- Glomerulus
- Efferent Arteriole
- Peritubular Capillaries
- Vasa Recta
- Renal Vein
How many percent does a kidney receives from a blood flow?
25%
Which type of Artery supplies blood to the Kidney
RENAL ARTERY
For an average body size what is the total renal blood flow and renal plasma flow
Total Renal Blood Flow: approximately 1200 ml/min
Total Renal Flow: 600 to 700 ml/min
it Functions as a sieve and acts as non-selective filter of plasma substances with MW of <70,000 Daltons
Glomerulus
If it were not for the “__________”, all routine urine would have positive Reagent strip readings for protein and albumin
Shield of Negativity
It is cause by size of afferent and efferent Arteriole
HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE
Action of Renin-Angiotensin-aldosterone-System
Corrects renal blood flow and soidum reabsorption
Schematic Diagram of how RAAS System works
- Drop in Blood Pressure and Fluid Volume
- Renin realease from Kidney
- Angiotensinogen release from Liver
- Renin reacts on Angiotensinogen to form Angiotensin I
- Agiontensince-converting-enzyme release from Lungs
- ACE forms Angiotensin I to Angiotensin II
- Angiotensin II acts directly on blood vessel stimulating vasoconstriction (narrowing)
- Angiotensin II acts on the adrenal Gland to stimulate the release of Aldosterone
- Aldostesrone acts on the kidneys to stimulate reabsorption of salt and water.
It is important for the Glomerulus to form bundles of capillaries.
Bowman’s Capsule
Tube that are located in the Nephrons, which contains two functions: reabsorption and secretion.
Renal Tubular System
A U-Shaped Structure of the renal tubule that control the retention of water.
Loop of Henle
Part of Loop of Henle that’s responsible for reabsorption of water
Descending Loop of Henle
Part of Loop of Henle that responsible for reabsorption of salt
ASIN-ding Loop of Henle
This where the final concentration of the urinary filtrate begins. Under the influence of aldosterone, this part reabsorbs sodium and secrete potassium
Distal Convoluted Tubule
Another function of Distal Convoluted Tubule
Regulates pH by secreting Hydrogen Ion when pH of the plasma is low.
