Renal Physiology

Question 1

Types of hypernatrium

Answer 1

1. decreased ECFV caused by water loss, or hyperosmotic dehydration
2. increased ECFC caused by NaCl excess or hyperosmotic overhydration

Question 2

Lab tests to diagnose hypernatremia

Answer 2

hematocrit, plasma proteins, urine volume

Question 3

diseases with hypernatremia with increasead ECFV

Answer 3

primary aldosteronism

cushing’s syndrome

Question 4

diseases with hypernatremia with decreased ECFV

Answer 4

small volume of concentrated urine, excess sweating, dehydration
*large volume of dilute urine….diabetes inspidious

Question 5

causes of hyponatermia with decreased ECFV

Answer 5

NaCl loss or hypoosmotic dehydration
diarrhea, vomitting
addison's disease (increased aldosterone)
overuse of diuretics
Na wasting renal diseases
*increased hematocrit, plasma proteins

Question 6

causes of hyponatremia with increased ECFV

Answer 6

Water excess or hypoosmotic overhydration
inappropriate ADH syndrome
bronchogenic tumors
fibrosing TB lung lesions
circulatory failure
*decreased hematocrit, plasma proteins