Renal Physiology

Question 1

Filters toxic leftovers from blood

Answer 1

Kidney

Question 2

Outermost region of kidney

Answer 2

Cortex

Question 3

Cone shape masses of tissue that secrete urine into tiny sac-like tubules

Answer 3

Renal Medulla

Question 4

A funnel-shaped tube surrounded by smooth muscle that uses _____ to move urine out of the kidney, into the ureter, and to the bladder

Answer 4

Renal Pelvis; peristalsis

Question 5

3 distinct regions of kidney

Answer 5

Cortex, Medulla, Pelvis

Question 6

Kidney is supported w/ 3 layers of tissues

Answer 6

• Renal Capsule
• Fat layer (middle layer) / Adipose capsule
• Fibrous tissue/ Gerota’s fascia

Question 7

Functions of the Urinary System

Answer 7

Excretion, Elimination, Homeostatic regulation of blood plasma

Question 8

Urinary System includes

Answer 8

Kidney Ureter, Bladder, Urethra

Question 9

Conducts urine by peristalsis from the renal pelvis to the urinary bladder

Answer 9

Ureter

Question 10

Stores urine

Answer 10

Bladder

Question 11

Conveys urine from the bladder to the exterior part of the body

Answer 11

Urethra

Question 12

Female and Male Urethra Difference

Answer 12

Female: 3-4cm long; conducts urine only
Male: 20 cm long; conducts urine and semen

Question 13

Kidney:
Located _____
Weighs about ____
Lies in the ___ and ____

Answer 13

• Located retroperitoneally
• 150g
• T12 and L5

Question 14

Carry unfiltered blood from the aorta to the kidneys

Answer 14

Renal Artery

Question 15

Carry filtered blood from the kidney to the posterior vena cava

Answer 15

Renal Veins

Question 16

The Renal Portal system has 2 Capillary Beds

Answer 16

1. Glomerulus (capilliaries)
2. Peritubular capillaries and Vasa recta

Question 17

The Nephron (2 parts) and its components

Answer 17

Renal corpuscle
- Glomerulus and Bowman’s capsule
Renal Tubule
- Proximal convoluted tubule
- Loop of Henle
- Distal convoluted tubule

Question 18

JGA (Juxtaglomeruular apparatus)
1. Mechanoreceptors
2. Chemoreceptors/osmoreceptors

Answer 18

1. Juuxtaglomerular cells
2. Macula densa

Question 19

Nephron Function

Answer 19

• Production of Filtrate
• Reabsorption of Organic nutrients
• Reabsorption of water and ions
• Secretion of waste products into tubular fluid

Question 20

The actual filter that lies between the blood and the interior of the glomerular capsule

Answer 20

Filtration Membrane

Question 21

BASIC PROCESSES OF URINE FORMATION

Answer 21

1. Glomerular filtration
2. Tubular reabsorption
3. Tubular secretion

Question 22

Amount of filtrate produced in the
kidney a day

Answer 22

180L/day

Question 23

The fluid that enters the glomerular capsule is called ____ because it is formed under pressure _________

Answer 23

ultrafiltrate; hydrostatic pressure of the blood

Question 24

Pressure responsible for filtrate form

Answer 24

Net Filtration Pressure (NFP)

Question 25

volume produce by kidneys per minute

Answer 25

Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR)

Question 26

An important factor that that alter filtration pressure change GFR

Answer 26

Juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA

Question 27

The cells of the macula densa are sensitive to the concentration of ______ in the distal convoluted tubule.

Answer 27

sodium chloride

Question 28

The release of renin is an essential component of the ________ which regulates blood pressure and volume.

Answer 28

renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS),

Question 29

The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), increases _____________

Answer 29

blood pressure and volume

Question 30

renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) process

Answer 30

Angiotensin-- (RENIN) ---- angiotensin I ----(ACE)--Angiotensin II ---

Question 31

Angiotensin II effects

Answer 31

- Systemic Vasoconstriction - Promotes sodium/water Retention - Aldosterone - ADH- Water intake Result: Increase blood volume and pressure

Question 32

ACE enzyme

Answer 32

Angiotensinogen converting enzyme

Question 33

The good stuff (sugar, amino acid) are reabsorbed back to the blood stream

Answer 33

Tubular Reabsorption

Question 34

1. Disposing substances not already in the filtrate such as drugs, toxins 2. Eliminating undesirable substances that have been reabsorbed by passive processes like urea and uric acid 3. Ridding the body excessive potassium ions 4. Controlling blood pH

Answer 34

Tubular Secretion

Question 35

This positive feedback mechanism multiplies the concentration of interstitial fluid and descending limb fluid, and is thus called

Answer 35

countercurrent multiplier system

Question 36

enhances fluid retention by making the kidneys reclaim more water

Answer 36

ADH (Antidiueretic Hormone)

Question 37

The purpose of the kidneys is to concentrate the ____ in the kidneys to produce ____ that has a higher ____ than that of ____

Answer 37

filtrate; urine; osmolarity; blood

Question 38

Flow of the filtrate

Answer 38

Bowman's capsule Proximal Convoluted tubule Descending loop of Henle Ascending loop of Henle Distal Convoluted tubule Collecting duct

Question 39

hormone primarily responsible for producing urine and regulating water balance without ADH, urine flow could be increased to ____ per day

Answer 39

Antidiuretic hormone; 25 liters

Question 40

any chemical that prevents excessive urine production

Answer 40

antidiuretic