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BIO108 PHYSIO LEC > Renal Physiology > Flashcards

Renal Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

Filters toxic leftovers from blood

A

Kidney

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2
Q

Outermost region of kidney

A

Cortex

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3
Q

Cone shape masses of tissue that secrete urine into tiny sac-like tubules

A

Renal Medulla

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4
Q

A funnel-shaped tube surrounded by smooth muscle that uses _____ to move urine out of the kidney, into the ureter, and to the bladder

A

Renal Pelvis; peristalsis

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5
Q

3 distinct regions of kidney

A

Cortex, Medulla, Pelvis

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6
Q

Kidney is supported w/ 3 layers of tissues

A
  • Renal Capsule
  • Fat layer (middle layer) / Adipose capsule
  • Fibrous tissue/ Gerota’s fascia
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7
Q

Functions of the Urinary System

A

Excretion, Elimination, Homeostatic regulation of blood plasma

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8
Q

Urinary System includes

A

Kidney Ureter, Bladder, Urethra

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9
Q

Conducts urine by peristalsis from the renal pelvis to the urinary bladder

A

Ureter

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10
Q

Stores urine

A

Bladder

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11
Q

Conveys urine from the bladder to the exterior part of the body

A

Urethra

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12
Q

Female and Male Urethra Difference

A

Female: 3-4cm long; conducts urine only
Male: 20 cm long; conducts urine and semen

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13
Q

Kidney:
Located _____
Weighs about ____
Lies in the ___ and ____

A
  • Located retroperitoneally
  • 150g
  • T12 and L5
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14
Q

Carry unfiltered blood from the aorta to the kidneys

A

Renal Artery

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15
Q

Carry filtered blood from the kidney to the posterior vena cava

A

Renal Veins

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16
Q

The Renal Portal system has 2 Capillary Beds

A
  1. Glomerulus (capilliaries)
  2. Peritubular capillaries and Vasa recta
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17
Q

The Nephron (2 parts) and its components

A

Renal corpuscle
- Glomerulus and Bowman’s capsule
Renal Tubule
- Proximal convoluted tubule
- Loop of Henle
- Distal convoluted tubule

18
Q

JGA (Juxtaglomeruular apparatus)
1. Mechanoreceptors
2. Chemoreceptors/osmoreceptors

A
  1. Juuxtaglomerular cells
  2. Macula densa
19
Q

Nephron Function

A
  • Production of Filtrate
  • Reabsorption of Organic nutrients
  • Reabsorption of water and ions
  • Secretion of waste products into tubular fluid
20
Q

The actual filter that lies between the blood and the interior of the glomerular capsule

A

Filtration Membrane

21
Q

BASIC PROCESSES OF URINE FORMATION

A
  1. Glomerular filtration
  2. Tubular reabsorption
  3. Tubular secretion
22
Q

Amount of filtrate produced in the
kidney a day

A

180L/day

23
Q

The fluid that enters the glomerular capsule is called ____ because it is formed under pressure _________

A

ultrafiltrate; hydrostatic pressure of the blood

24
Q

Pressure responsible for filtrate form

A

Net Filtration Pressure (NFP)

25
Q

volume produce by kidneys per minute

A

Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR)

26
Q

An important factor that that alter filtration pressure change GFR

A

Juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA

27
Q

The cells of the macula densa are sensitive to the
concentration of ______ in the distal
convoluted tubule.

A

sodium chloride

28
Q

The release of renin is an essential component of the ________ which regulates blood pressure and volume.

A

renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS),

29
Q

The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), increases _____________

A

blood pressure and volume

30
Q

renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) process

A

Angiotensin– (RENIN) —- angiotensin I —-(ACE)–Angiotensin II —

31
Q

Angiotensin II effects

A
  • Systemic Vasoconstriction
  • Promotes sodium/water Retention
  • Aldosterone
  • ADH- Water intake

Result: Increase blood volume and pressure

32
Q

ACE enzyme

A

Angiotensinogen converting enzyme

33
Q

The good stuff (sugar, amino acid) are reabsorbed back to the blood stream

A

Tubular Reabsorption

34
Q
  1. Disposing substances not already in the
    filtrate such as drugs, toxins
  2. Eliminating undesirable substances that
    have been reabsorbed by passive
    processes like urea and uric acid
  3. Ridding the body excessive potassium
    ions
  4. Controlling blood pH
A

Tubular Secretion

35
Q

This positive feedback mechanism multiplies the concentration of interstitial fluid and descending limb fluid, and is thus called

A

countercurrent multiplier system

36
Q

enhances fluid retention by making the kidneys
reclaim more water

A

ADH (Antidiueretic Hormone)

37
Q

The purpose of the kidneys is to concentrate the ____ in the kidneys to produce ____ that
has a higher ____ than that of ____

A

filtrate; urine; osmolarity; blood

38
Q

Flow of the filtrate

A

Bowman’s capsule
Proximal Convoluted tubule
Descending loop of Henle
Ascending loop of Henle
Distal Convoluted tubule
Collecting duct

39
Q

hormone primarily responsible for producing urine and regulating water balance

without ADH, urine flow could be increased
to ____ per day

A

Antidiuretic hormone; 25 liters

40
Q

any chemical that prevents
excessive urine production

A

antidiuretic

BIO108 PHYSIO LEC (3 decks)

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