Renal Physiology

Question 1

What is the normal GFR and hOW DOES IT CHANGE OVER TIME. What is the definiton of clearance and what is the link between GFR and clearance.(109)

Answer 1

Question 2

For Insensible Water Loss ,Fluid Overload Hypernatraemia,Hyponatraemia: What are the possible causes?(109)

Answer 2

Question 3

What is the gold strandard measure for GFR . Is it used in Clninical practice, explain answer.(110)

Answer 3

Question 4

Name an endogenous marker that is used in clinical practice to measure renal function, and how explain the ways it is used for this.(110)

Answer 4

Question 5

State the different ways to examine urine, and where relevant, state what different examination results could indicate.(NPR)(110)

Answer 5

Question 6

How is AKI defined. What are the characteristics of the different types of AKI and what are the indications for dialysis in AKI(NPR content).(110)

Answer 6

edit”Defined as any of the following”

Question 7

What are the different stages for CKD and what are their thresholds(NPR)(111)

Answer 7

The word “decrease” is missing from answer(e.g. “mild gfr” should be “mild decrease in gfr”

Question 8

What are the commonest causes of CKD(111)

Answer 8

Question 9

What are the consequences of CKD(NPR)(111)

Answer 9

Question 10

Discuss the different tyes of Renal replacement therapy(111)

Answer 10