Renal physio Flashcards
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Which is NOT a function of the kidneys? A) maintenance of ion balance in body fluids B) regulation of blood osmolarity C) regulation of extracellular fluid volume D) homeostatic regulation of blood pH E) regulation of blood protein levels E) regulation of blood protein levels Which ion is NOT directly regulated by the kidney? A) Ca2+ B) K+ C) Na+ D) HCO3- E) OH- E) OH- 1/46
Profile Picture Created by Nyasulu Tags related to this set Macula Densa Cells Proximal And Distal Convoluted Tubules Place The Following Terms in this set (46)
Which is NOT a function of the kidneys?
A) maintenance of ion balance in body fluids
B) regulation of blood osmolarity
C) regulation of extracellular fluid volume
D) homeostatic regulation of blood pH
E) regulation of blood protein levels
E) regulation of blood protein levels
Which ion is NOT directly regulated by the kidney? A) Ca2+ B) K+ C) Na+ D) HCO3- E) OH- E) OH-
The characteristic yellow color of urine is from the presence of A) renin. B) bile. C) uric acid. D) urea. E) urobilinogen. E) urobilinogen.
Urine is produced by the A) urethra. B) urinary bladder. C) ureter. D) gallbladder. E) kidney. E) kidney.
Urine is carried to the urinary bladder by A) lymphatics. B) the urethra. C) the ureters. D) blood vessels. E) All of the answers are correct. C) the ureters.
Technically, the kidneys are located A) behind the peritoneal membrane. B) in the abdominal cavity. C) in the thoracic cavity. D) in the pelvic cavity. E) behind the pleural membranes. A) behind the peritoneal membrane.
Blood flow through the kidney includes a feature seen in only a few organs. What is it?
A) veins containing highly oxygenated blood
B) anastomoses
C) arterial shunts
D) vascular sinuses
E) portal system
E) portal system
Which structure is NOT part of the blood circulation through the kidney? A) renal corpuscle B) loop of Henle C) vasa recta D) glomerulus B) loop of Henle
Which statement is FALSE?
A) The blood supply to the kidneys comes through the renal arteries.
B) The urinary bladder is filled by two ducts, called ureters, and emptied by the single urethra.
C) Women are more likely to develop urinary tract infections than men.
D) The kidneys do not reabsorb filtered waste products.
E) As much as one fourth of the cardiac output may flow to the kidneys at any given moment.
D) The kidneys do not reabsorb filtered waste products.
The Bowman's capsule and glomerulus make up the A) loop of Henle. B) renal corpuscle. C) renal pyramid. D) renal papilla. E) collecting system. B) renal corpuscle.
Which kidney process is always active and always requires energy to occur? A) secretion B) reabsorption C) filtration D) excretion A) secretion
A glomerulus is
A) the portion of the nephron closest to the renal corpuscle.
B) a “ball” of capillaries within Bowman’s capsule.
C) the expanded end of a nephron.
D) the hairpin - shaped segment of the nephron.
E) the portion of the nephron that attaches to the collecting duct.
B) a “ball” of capillaries within Bowman’s capsule.
The portion of the nephron closest to the renal corpuscle is the A) collecting duct. B) loop of Henle. C) distal tubule. D) proximal tubule. E) minor calyx. D) proximal tubule.
The portion of the nephron that attaches to the collecting duct is the A) minor calyx. B) distal tubule. C) collecting duct. D) proximal tubule. E) loop of Henle. B) distal tubule.
The hairpin - shaped segment of the nephron is the A) distal tubule. B) loop of Henle. C) vasa recta. D) proximal tubule. E) minor calyx. B) loop of Henle.
The segment of the nephron between the proximal and distal tubules that loops down into the medulla of the kidney and returns back to the cortex is called the A) vasa recta. B) collecting duct. C) loop of Henle. D) minor calyx. E) Bowman's capsule. C) loop of Henle.
The process of filtration in the kidney is most accurately described as A) completely nonspecific. B) relatively nonspecific. C) highly specific. B) relatively nonspecific
Which is NOT normally be found in the filtrate? A) erythrocytes. B) urobilinogen. C) glucose. D) potassium. A) erythrocytes
Cysts on the kidney can press upon nephrons, increasing the pressure inside the nephrons. How will this affect glomerular filtration rate and blood pressure?
A) GFR increases and blood pressure decreases
B) GFR decreases and blood pressure increases
C) GFR decreases and blood pressure decreases
D) GFR increases and blood pressure increase
B) GFR decreases and blood pressure increases
The amount of plasma that filters into the nephrons is approximately \_\_\_\_\_ of the total volume. A) 3/4 B) 1/5 C) 90% D) 1/2 E) 4/5 B) 1/5
In normal kidneys, blood cells and plasma proteins are A) filtered and secreted. B) not filtered. C) filtered then reabsorbed. D) secreted then reabsorbed. B) not filtered.
Which is NOT a kidney filtration barrier? A) Bowman's capsule epithelium B) juxtaglomerular apparatus C) glomerular capillary endothelium D) basement membrane B) juxtaglomerular apparatus
The force for glomerular filtration is the
A) ATP- dependent processes in the nephron.
B) osmotic pressure in the glomerular capillaries.
C) fluid pressure produced by the displacement of the fluid in the lumen of the tubules.
D) blood pressure in the glomerular capillaries.
E) None of the answers are correct.
D) blood pressure in the glomerular capillaries.
The primary function of the proximal tubule is
A) secretion of drugs.
B) filtration.
C) secretion of acids and ammonia.
D) reabsorption of ions, organic molecules, and water.
E) adjusting the urine volume.
D) reabsorption of ions, organic molecules, and water.
Contents in the peritubular capillaries are actively transported into proximal and distal convoluted tubules in a process known as A) filtration. B) reabsorption. C) secretion. D) excretion C) secretion..
Glucose and amino acids are reabsorbed by A) diffusion. B) cotransport. C) countertransport. D) symport with sodium. D) symport with sodium.
Which statement about autoregulation is TRUE?
A) In myogenic response, the macula densa cells send a paracrine message to the neighboring afferent arteriole.
B) In tubuloglomerular feedback, stretch - sensitive ion channels open, resulting in depolarization of smooth muscle cells.
C) Myogenic response is the intrinsic ability of vascular smooth muscle to respond to pressure changes.
D) Myogenic response is a paracrine signaling mechanism.
C) Myogenic response is the intrinsic ability of vascular smooth muscle to respond to pressure changes.
Place the following blood vessels that carry blood to and within the kidney in the order in which blood passes throu them. 1. afferent arteriole 2. efferent arteriole 3. glomerulus 4. peritubular capillary A) 1, 2, 3, 4 B) 4, 2, 3, 1 C) 4, 3, 2, 1 D) 1, 3, 2, 4 D) 1, 3, 2, 4 afferent arteriole glomerulus efferent arteriole peritubular capillary
When the plasma concentration of a substance exceeds its renal concentration, more of the substance will be a) filtered. B) secreted. C) reabsorbed. D) excreted. E) None of the answers are correct. D) excreted.
Damage to the renal medulla would interfere first with the functioning of the a) proximal tubule. B) collecting ducts. C) distal tubule. D) glomerulus. E) Bowman's capsule. B) collecting ducts.
Answered
Which is NOT a function of the kidneys? A) maintenance of ion balance in body fluids B) regulation of blood osmolarity C) regulation of extracellular fluid volume D) homeostatic regulation of blood pH E) regulation of blood protein levels E) regulation of blood protein levels Which ion is NOT directly regulated by the kidney? A) Ca2+ B) K+ C) Na+ D) HCO3- E) OH- E) OH- 1/46
Profile Picture Created by Nyasulu Tags related to this set Macula Densa Cells Proximal And Distal Convoluted Tubules Place The Following Terms in this set (46)
Which is NOT a function of the kidneys?
A) maintenance of ion balance in body fluids
B) regulation of blood osmolarity
C) regulation of extracellular fluid volume
D) homeostatic regulation of blood pH
E) regulation of blood protein levels
E) regulation of blood protein levels
Which ion is NOT directly regulated by the kidney? A) Ca2+ B) K+ C) Na+ D) HCO3- E) OH- E) OH-
The characteristic yellow color of urine is from the presence of A) renin. B) bile. C) uric acid. D) urea. E) urobilinogen. E) urobilinogen.
Urine is produced by the A) urethra. B) urinary bladder. C) ureter. D) gallbladder. E) kidney. E) kidney.
Urine is carried to the urinary bladder by A) lymphatics. B) the urethra. C) the ureters. D) blood vessels. E) All of the answers are correct. C) the ureters.
Technically, the kidneys are located A) behind the peritoneal membrane. B) in the abdominal cavity. C) in the thoracic cavity. D) in the pelvic cavity. E) behind the pleural membranes. A) behind the peritoneal membrane.
Blood flow through the kidney includes a feature seen in only a few organs. What is it?
A) veins containing highly oxygenated blood
B) anastomoses
C) arterial shunts
D) vascular sinuses
E) portal system
E) portal system
Which structure is NOT part of the blood circulation through the kidney? A) renal corpuscle B) loop of Henle C) vasa recta D) glomerulus B) loop of Henle
Which statement is FALSE?
A) The blood supply to the kidneys comes through the renal arteries.
B) The urinary bladder is filled by two ducts, called ureters, and emptied by the single urethra.
C) Women are more likely to develop urinary tract infections than men.
D) The kidneys do not reabsorb filtered waste products.
E) As much as one fourth of the cardiac output may flow to the kidneys at any given moment.
D) The kidneys do not reabsorb filtered waste products.
The Bowman's capsule and glomerulus make up the A) loop of Henle. B) renal corpuscle. C) renal pyramid. D) renal papilla. E) collecting system. B) renal corpuscle.
Which kidney process is always active and always requires energy to occur? A) secretion B) reabsorption C) filtration D) excretion A) secretion
A glomerulus is
A) the portion of the nephron closest to the renal corpuscle.
B) a “ball” of capillaries within Bowman’s capsule.
C) the expanded end of a nephron.
D) the hairpin - shaped segment of the nephron.
E) the portion of the nephron that attaches to the collecting duct.
B) a “ball” of capillaries within Bowman’s capsule.
The portion of the nephron closest to the renal corpuscle is the A) collecting duct. B) loop of Henle. C) distal tubule. D) proximal tubule. E) minor calyx. D) proximal tubule.
The portion of the nephron that attaches to the collecting duct is the A) minor calyx. B) distal tubule. C) collecting duct. D) proximal tubule. E) loop of Henle. B) distal tubule.
The hairpin - shaped segment of the nephron is the A) distal tubule. B) loop of Henle. C) vasa recta. D) proximal tubule. E) minor calyx. B) loop of Henle.
The segment of the nephron between the proximal and distal tubules that loops down into the medulla of the kidney and returns back to the cortex is called the A) vasa recta. B) collecting duct. C) loop of Henle. D) minor calyx. E) Bowman's capsule. C) loop of Henle.
The process of filtration in the kidney is most accurately described as A) completely nonspecific. B) relatively nonspecific. C) highly specific. B) relatively nonspecific
Which is NOT normally be found in the filtrate? A) erythrocytes. B) urobilinogen. C) glucose. D) potassium. A) erythrocytes
Cysts on the kidney can press upon nephrons, increasing the pressure inside the nephrons. How will this affect glomerular filtration rate and blood pressure?
A) GFR increases and blood pressure decreases
B) GFR decreases and blood pressure increases
C) GFR decreases and blood pressure decreases
D) GFR increases and blood pressure increase
B) GFR decreases and blood pressure increases
The amount of plasma that filters into the nephrons is approximately \_\_\_\_\_ of the total volume. A) 3/4 B) 1/5 C) 90% D) 1/2 E) 4/5 B) 1/5
In normal kidneys, blood cells and plasma proteins are A) filtered and secreted. B) not filtered. C) filtered then reabsorbed. D) secreted then reabsorbed. B) not filtered.
Which is NOT a kidney filtration barrier? A) Bowman's capsule epithelium B) juxtaglomerular apparatus C) glomerular capillary endothelium D) basement membrane B) juxtaglomerular apparatus
The force for glomerular filtration is the
A) ATP- dependent processes in the nephron.
B) osmotic pressure in the glomerular capillaries.
C) fluid pressure produced by the displacement of the fluid in the lumen of the tubules.
D) blood pressure in the glomerular capillaries.
E) None of the answers are correct.
D) blood pressure in the glomerular capillaries.
The primary function of the proximal tubule is
A) secretion of drugs.
B) filtration.
C) secretion of acids and ammonia.
D) reabsorption of ions, organic molecules, and water.
E) adjusting the urine volume.
D) reabsorption of ions, organic molecules, and water.
Contents in the peritubular capillaries are actively transported into proximal and distal convoluted tubules in a process known as A) filtration. B) reabsorption. C) secretion. D) excretion C) secretion..
Glucose and amino acids are reabsorbed by A) diffusion. B) cotransport. C) countertransport. D) symport with sodium. D) symport with sodium.
Which statement about autoregulation is TRUE?
A) In myogenic response, the macula densa cells send a paracrine message to the neighboring afferent arteriole.
B) In tubuloglomerular feedback, stretch - sensitive ion channels open, resulting in depolarization of smooth muscle cells.
C) Myogenic response is the intrinsic ability of vascular smooth muscle to respond to pressure changes.
D) Myogenic response is a paracrine signaling mechanism.
C) Myogenic response is the intrinsic ability of vascular smooth muscle to respond to pressure changes.
Place the following blood vessels that carry blood to and within the kidney in the order in which blood passes throu them. 1. afferent arteriole 2. efferent arteriole 3. glomerulus 4. peritubular capillary A) 1, 2, 3, 4 B) 4, 2, 3, 1 C) 4, 3, 2, 1 D) 1, 3, 2, 4 D) 1, 3, 2, 4 afferent arteriole glomerulus efferent arteriole peritubular capillary
When the plasma concentration of a substance exceeds its renal concentration, more of the substance will be a) filtered. B) secreted. C) reabsorbed. D) excreted. E) None of the answers are correct. D) excreted.
Damage to the renal medulla would interfere first with the functioning of the a) proximal tubule. B) collecting ducts. C) distal tubule. D) glomerulus. E) Bowman's capsule. B) collecting ducts.
Answered
An obstruction in a glomerulus would affect the flow of blood into the a) afferent arteriole. B) renal vein. C) efferent arteriole. D) renal artery. C) efferent arteriole.
If blood flow through the afferent arterioles increases,
a) the stretch stimulates further relaxation of the arteriolar wall, lessening blood pressure.
B) stretch stimulates vasoconstriction to reduce the flow.
C) the smooth muscle in the vessel walls stretches to accommodate the increased flow and the stretch stimulates further relaxation of the arteriolar wall, lessening blood pressure.
D) the smooth muscle in the vessel walls stretches to accommodate the increased flow.
B) stretch stimulates vasoconstriction to reduce the flow.
Urea is
a) actively secreted in the distal tubule.
B) actively transported into the filtrate by the cells of the collecting duct.
C) actively reabsorbed in the proximal tubule.
D) completely eliminated in the urine.
E) passively reabsorbed in the proximal tubule.
E) passively reabsorbed in the proximal tubule.
In the lumen of the proximal tubule, Na + concentration is \_\_\_\_\_\_ the Na + concentration inside the cells of the tubule wall. a) about the same as B) slightly lower than C) much higher than D) much lower than E) slightly higher than C) much higher than
The basic pattern for many molecules absorbed by Na +- dependent transport involves this: an apical ________ and a basolateral______
a) osmotic gradient, symport protein
B) symport protein, facilitated diffusion carrier
C) facilitated diffusion carrier, osmotic gradient
D) symport protein, osmotic gradient
E) facilitated diffusion carrier, symport protein
B) symport protein, facilitated diffusion carrier
One substance has no membrane transporters to move it but can diffuse freely through open leak channels if there is a concentration gradient. Initially, this substance’s concentrations in the filtrate and extracellular fluid are equal. Later, however, the active transport of Na + and other solutes creates a gradient by removing water from the lumen of the tubule where it is located. What substance is this?
A) glucose B) urea C) calcium D) glucose and calcium E) glucose, calcium, and urea B) urea
Measurements in a nephron reveal a glomerular hydrostatic pressure of 69 mm Hg, and a fluid pressure in the Bowman’s capsule of 15 mm Hg. Assuming that the plasma colloid osmotic pressure is 30 mm Hg, and that essentially no plasma proteins are filtered by the glomerulus, what is the net glomerular filtration pressure in this case?
A) 84 mm Hg B) 114 mm Hg C) 24 mm Hg D) - 6 mm Hg E) 54 mm Hg C) 24 mm Hg
In a normal kidney, which condition would increase glomerular filtration rate (GFR)?
A) a decrease in the net glomerular filtration pressure
B) a decrease in the hydrostatic pressure of the glomerulus
C) an increase in the hydrostatic pressure in Bowman’s capsule
D) constriction of the afferent arteriole
E) a decrease in the concentration of plasma proteins in the blood
E) a decrease in the concentration of plasma proteins in the blood
28) movement from the nephron lumen to the external environment
A). excretion B) filtration C) reabsorption D)secretion EXCRETION
Movement from the nephron lumen to the blood A). excretion B) filtration C) reabsorption D)secretion REABSORPTION
Movement from the glomerulus to the nephron lumen A). excretion B) filtration C) reabsorption D)secretion FILTRATION
Movement from the peritubular capillaries to the nephron lumen A). excretion B) filtration C) reabsorption D)secretion SECRETION
Sodium
A) active transport
B) passive reabsorption/diffusion
C) transcytosis
D) symport with a cation
A) active transport
Glucose
A) active transport
B) passive reabsorption/diffusion
C) transcytosis
D) symport with a cation
D) symport with a cation
Urea
A) active transport
B) passive reabsorption/diffusion
C) transcytosis
D) symport with a cation
B) passive reabsorption/diffusion
Small plasma proteins
A) active transport
B) passive reabsorption/diffusion
C) transcytosis
D) symport with a cation
C) transcytosis
Answered
