Cvs 2 Flashcards
the deflection wavs in an ECG tracing include:
a. the P wave, which is present only in patients who have had a heart attack
b. the QRS complex which follows ventricular contraction
c. the T wave, which indicates ventricular repolarization
d. two of the above
e. all of the above
c. the t wave, which indicates ventricular repolarization
The fibrous pericardium:
a. is in contact with the heart
b. is a serous membrane
c. forms the outer layer of the pericardial sac
d. is also known as the epicardium
e. all
c. forms the outer layer of the pericardial sac
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Profile Picture Created by lara_thoreson cardiovascular blood vessels and heart Terms in this set (50)
the deflection wavs in an ECG tracing include:
a. the P wave, which is present only in patients who have had a heart attack
b. the QRS complex which follows ventricular contraction
c. the T wave, which indicates ventricular repolarization
d. two of the above
e. all of the above
c. the t wave, which indicates ventricular repolarization
The fibrous pericardium:
a. is in contact with the heart
b. is a serous membrane
c. forms the outer layer of the pericardial sac
d. is also known as the epicardium
e. all
c. forms the outer layer of the pericardial sac
Which of these structures returns blood to the right atrium?
a. corona sinus
b. inferior vena cava
c. superior vena cava
d. both b&c
e. all
e. all
the first heart sound is heard when the:
a. AV valves open
b. AV valves close
c. semilunar valves open
d. semilunar valves close
e. two of the preceding
b. AV valves close
if the aorta was not an elastic artery, there would be:
a. a large increase in the systolic pressure in systemic circulation
b. a large decrease in the systolic pressure in systemic circulation
c. a large increase in the diastolic pressure in systemic circulation
d. a large decrease in the diastolic pressure in systemic circulation
d. a large decrease in the diastolic pressure in systemic circulation
blood flows neither into nor out of the ventricles during:
a. the period of isovolumetric contraction
b. the period of isovolumetric relaxation
c. ventriclular systole
d. a&b
e. all
d. a&b
According to Frank-Starling’s law of the heart, the cardiac output is directly related to the :
a. size of the ventricle
b. heart rate
c. venous return
d. thickness of myocardium
e. end-systolic volume
c. venous return
When the semilunar valves are open, the pressure in the left ventricle is:
a. greater than the pressure in the aorta
b. less than the pressure in the aorta
c. the same as the pressure in the left atrium
d. less than the pressure in the left atrium
a. greater than the pressure in the aorta
Pressure in the aorta is at its lowest:
a. at the time the first heart sound
b. at the time of the second heart sound
c. just before the AV valves open
d. just before the semilunar valves open
d. just before the semilunar valves open
Select the correct statement about cardiac output:
a. a slow heart rate can increase end diastolic volume, stroke volume, and force of contraction.
b. decrease venous return will result in increased end diastolic volume
c. if a semilunar valve were partially obstructed, the ESV in the affected ventricle would be decreased
d. stroke volume increases if end diastolic volume decreases
e. two of the preceding
a. a slow heart rate can increase end diastolic volume, stroke volume, and force of contraction.
in capillary exchange, which of the following statements is true?
a. nine-tenths of the fluid that leave the capillary reenter the capillary
b. interstitial fluid normally has a higher osmotic pressure than plasma (fluid portion of blood).
c. constriction of the pre-capillary sphincter will increase BP in the capillary
d. protein concentration in the interstitial spaces is normally higher than protein concentration in the plasma
e. two of the above are correct
a. nine-tenths of the fluid that leave the capillary reenter the capillary
Blood flow through the capillary beds can be controlled by:
a. the metabolic needs of the tissues
b. the precapillary sphincter
c. an increase in vasodilator substances
d. any two of the preceding
e. all
e. all
Which of the following properties of capillaries enhances the exchange that occurs between the capillaries and the interstitial spaces?
a. the thinness of the capillary wall
b. the extensive branching of the capillaries
c. the blood velocity through the capillaries
d. a&b
e. a, b&c
e. a, b&c
Which coat of an artery contains the endothelium?
a. tunica intima
b. tunica media
c. tunica externa
d. tunica tuna
a. tunica intima
as blood travels from the aorta toward the capillaries, the______
a. pressure increases
b. resistance increases
c. flow increases
d. viscosity increases
e. diameter of the blood vessels increases
b. resistance increases
the blood osmotic pressure is most affected by changes in which of the following listed?
a. the concentration of plasma sodium ions
b. the concentration of plasma waste products
c. the number of WBC
d. the concentration of plasma glucose
e. the concentration of plasma protein
e. the concentration of plasma protein
Baroreceptors that function in the regulation of blood pressure are located in the:
a. left ventricle
b. brain stem
c. carotid sinus
d. a&b
e. a, b&c
c. carotid sinus
in response to hemorrhage (severe blood loss) there is:
a. decreased vasomotor tone and peripheral vasodilation
b. increased parasympathetic stimulation of the heart
c. mobilization of the venous reserve
d. a&c
e. a, b&c
c. mobilization of the venous reserve
the tricuspid valve is closed_______
a. when the ventricles are in diastole
b. when the ventricles are in systole
c. by the movement of blood from the atria to the ventricles
d. while the atria are contracting
b. when the ventricles are in systole
which one of the following listed is pierced thirdly by the point of a pin entering the body from outside?
a. pericardial fluid
b. visceral pericardium
c. parietal pericardium
d. myocardium
b. visceral pericardium
which of the following structures does NOT open into or out of the left side of the heart?
a. aorta
b. pulmonary veins
c. pulmonary trunk
d. a&b
e. a, b&c
c. pulmonary trunk
the pectinate muscles are_______
a. prominent muscular ridges in the walls of the ventricles
b. prominent muscular ridges in the walls of the right atrium and auricle
c. muscles that support the atrioventricular valves
d. muscles that close the semilunar valves
e. muscles that anchor the chordae tendinae
b. prominent muscular ridges in the walls of the right atrium and auricle
sympathetic stimulation of the heart:
a. increases heart rate
b. increases contractility of the heart
c. activates the Frank-Starling effect
d. a&b
e. a, b&e
e. a, b&c
ventricular pressure is greatest when:
a. all valves are closed
b. all valves are open
c. semilunar valves are closed and AV valves are open
d. semilunar valves are open and AV valves are closed
d. semilunar valves are open and AV valves are closed
Which of the following is greater?
a. the number of action potentials per minute spontaneously generated by the SA node
b. the number of action potentials per minute spontaneously generated by the AV node
c. neither is greater under resting conditions
a. the number of action potentials per minute spontaneously generated by the SA node
Manganese ion blocks calcium channels in the cardiac muscle membrane. How would the presence of manganese in the extracellular fluid affect the contraction of the heart muscle?
a. the plateau phase of contraction would be shorter.
b. the heart would beat less forcefully
c. the heart rate would increase
d. the contraction phase would be prolonged
e. two of the above would occur
b. the heart would beat less forcefully
At an intercalated disc:
a. the cell membranes of 2 cardiac cells are completely separated by a synapse
b. the myofibrils are loosely attached to the membrane of the disc
c. two cardiac cells are connected by a gap junction
d. T-tubules unite the membranes of the adjoining cells
e. both b and c are correct
c. two cardiac cells are connected by a gap junction
in the cardiac cycle:
a. the right atrium and the right ventricle contract simultaneously
b. the two atria relax while the two ventricles contract
c. the left atrium contracts before the right atrium
d. all four chambers of the heart contract at the same time
e. love knows no bounds
b. the two atria relax while the two ventricles contract
cardiac muscle does not exhibit tetanus because it has:
a. fast calcium channels
b. scanty sarcoplasmic reticulum
c. a long absolute refractory period
d. electrical synapses
e. exclusively aerobic respiration
c. a long absolute refractory period
the atria contracting during:
a. the first heart sound
b. the second heart sound
c. the QRS complex
d. after the P wave
e. after the T wave
d. after the P wave
a person with a systolic pressure of 140 mmHg and a diastolic pressure of 95 mmHg would have a mean arterial pressure of about:
a. 85 mm Hg
b. 100 mm Hg
c. 110 mm Hg
d. 115 mm Hg
e. 130 mm Hg
110 mmHg
Plasma solutes enter the tissue fluid most easily from:
a. continuous capillaries
b. fenestrated capillaries
c. arteriovenous anastomoses
d. collateral vessels
e. venous anastomoses
b. fenestrated capillaries
A blood vessel adapted to withstand a high pulse pressure would be expected to have:
a. an elastic tunica media
b. a muscular tunica intima
c. one-way valves
d. a flexible endothelium
e. a pliable tunica externa
a. an elastic tunica media
contraction of the papillary muscle:
a. close the AV valves
b. close the semilunar valves
c. prevent the AV valves from projecting into the atria
d. eject blood from the atria
e. close both the AV and semilunar valves
c. prevent the AV valves from projecting into the atria
the blood vessels that play the most important role in the regulation of blood flow to a tissue and blood pressure are the:
a. arteries
b. arterioles
c. veins
d. venules
e. capillaries
b. arterioles
in a case where interstitial hydrostatic pressure is essentially zero, the only force causing capillaries to reabsorb fluid is:
a. colloid osmotic pressure of the blood
b. colloid osmotic pressure of the tissue fluid
c. capillary hydrostatic pressure
d. interstitial hydrostatic pressure
e. net filtration pressure
a. colloid osmotic pressure of the blood
Which one of the following does not have the same effect as the others listed on heart rate and the force of contraction?
a. epinephrine
b. norepinephrine
c. sympathetic stimulation
d. acetylcholine
d. acetylcholine
With the progressive change from arteries to capillaries, which one of the following listed is NOT true?
a. there is a decrease in the diameter of the vessels
b. there is a decrease in the thickness of the walls of the vessels
c. there is an increase in the velocity at which the blood travels through the vessels
d. there is a decrease in the pressure within the vessels
c. there is an increase in the velocity at which the blood travels through the vessels
the goal of cardiovascular regeneration includes all of the following except to ensure that:
a. blood flow changes occur at the appropriate time
b. blood flow changes occur in the appropriate area
c. changes occur without drastically altering BP
d. sufficient concentrations of blood cells are present to meet emergency situations
e. changes occur without drastically altering blood flow to a vital organ
d. sufficient concentrations of blood cells are present to meet emergency situations
which of the following statements regarding intrinsic regulation of the heart is false?
a. stretching of the SA node will increase generation of action potentials in the node
b. elevated venous return increases cardiac output
c. the heart’s pumping effectiveness is greatly influenced by small changes in afterload.
d. if the cardiac muscle fibers are stretched, they have a stronger contraction force
c. the heart’s pumping effectiveness is greatly influenced by small changes in afterload.
I.P. Daily suffers from a regurgitating [backwash] mitral valve. This condition could cause:
a. increased CO from the right ventricle
b. fluid congestion in the lungs
d. decreased force of cardiac contraction
d. increased CO from the left ventricle
e. decreased heart rate
b. fluid congestion in the lungs
approximately what percentage of the ventricular filling is accomplished passively?
a. 25%
b. 50%
c. 75%
d. 100%
c. 75%
a heart rate of 45 bmp and an absence of P waves would suggest:
a. damage to the SA node
b. ventricular fibrillation
c. tachycardia
d. exra-systole
e. heart block
e. heart block
T/F there are no valves at the point where venous blood flows into the atria
true
T/F the process of cyclic changes in vessel diameter that occurs at the origin of a capillary is called vasomotion
false
T/F the “lub” sounds of the heart are valuable in diagnosing because they provide information about the function of the heart’s semilunar valves
false
T/F osmotic pressure is created by the presence in a fluid of small diffusible molecules that easily move through the capillary membrane
false
T/F the capillaries contain only 5% of the total blood volume at any point in time
true
T/F the atria and ventricles each act as a functional syncytium
true
T/F blood vessels form special interconnections called vascular anastosomes
true
Answered
