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PHYSIOLOGY > Renal Phys (EXAM 3) > Flashcards

Renal Phys (EXAM 3) Flashcards

1
Q

dilation of aff arteriole (reduction in resistance) result on Pglom

A

increase Pglom

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1
Q

dilation of aff arteriole (reduction in resistance) restult on RPF

A

increase RPF

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2
Q

dilation of aff arteriole (reduction in resistance) result on GFR

A

increase GFR

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3
Q

dilation of aff arteriole (reduction in resistance) result on FF

A

no change

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4
Q

dilation of aff arteriole (reduction in resistance) result on oncotic pressure of PTC

A

no change

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5
Q

dilation of eff arteriole (reduction in resistance) result on Pglom

A

decrease Pglom

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6
Q

dilation of eff arteriole (reduction in resistance) result on RPF

A

increase RPF

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7
Q

dilation of eff arteriole (reduction in resistance) result on GFR

A

decrease GFR

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8
Q

dilation of eff arteriole (reduction in resistance) result on FF

A

decrease FF

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9
Q

dilation of eff arteriole (reduction in resistance) result on oncotic pressure of PTC

A

decrease

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10
Q

constriction of aff arteriole (increase in resistance) result on Pglom

A

decrease

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11
Q

constriction of aff arteriole (increase in resistance) result on RPF

A

decrease RPF

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12
Q

constriction of aff arteriole (increase in resistance) result on GFR

A

decrease GFR

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13
Q

constriction of aff arteriole (increase in resistance) result on FF

A

no change

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14
Q

constriction of aff arteriole (increase in resistance) result on onctic pressure of PTC

A

no change

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15
Q

constriction of eff arteriole (increase in resistance) result on Pglom

A

increase Pglom

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16
Q

constriction of eff arteriole (increase in resistance) result on RPF

A

decrease RPF

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17
Q

constriction of eff arteriole (increase in resistance) result on GFR

A

increase

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18
Q

constriction of eff arteriole (increase in resistance) result on FF

A

increase FF

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19
Q

constriction of eff arteriole (increase in resistance) result on osmotic pressure of PTC

A

increase

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20
Q

dilation of both aff and eff arteriole (decrease in resistance) result on Pglom

A

no change

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21
Q

dilation of both aff and eff arteriole (decrease in resistance) result on RPF

A

increase RPF

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22
Q

dilation of both aff and eff arteriole (decrease in resistance) result on GFR

A

increase GFR

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23
Q

dilation of both aff and eff arteriole (decrease in resistance) result on FF

A

no change

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24
Q

dilation of both aff and eff arteriole (decrease in resistance) result on osmotic pressure of PTC

A

no change

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25
Q

decrease in Pglom –> ? GFR

A

decrease GFR

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26
Q

increase vasa recta flow –> ?

A

Increase urea washout —> decrease osm of medullary ISF

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27
Q

decrease in osm of medullary ISF –> ?

A

decreased H2O and Na+ reabsorption in LoH

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28
Q

what is osmolarity determined by?

A

determined by the concentration of dissolved solute

29
Q

what is tonicity?

A

concentration of effective osmolar solute (capable of creating an osmotic pressure gradient causing H2O to move)

30
Q

What promotes filtration?

A

Pglom, and osmotic pressure of bowman’s space

31
Q

What opposes filtration?

A

osmotic pressure of the glomerulus, and hydrostatic pressure in Bowman’s space

32
Q

What are the 2 forces most important for determining GFR?

A

Pglom and πglom

33
Q

does pressure increase or decrease across a resistor?

A

decrease

34
Q

what determines πglom?

A

indirectly determine by RPF

35
Q

increase MAP –> ? GFR

A

decreased GFR

36
Q

decreased MAP –> ? GFR

A

increased

37
Q

what are the main 3 effects of ADH?

A
  1. increase AQP surface expression
  2. increase urea reabsorption in the medullary collecting duct
  3. increase thirst
38
Q

What body conditions does AngII respond to?

A

volume contraction - hypovolemia (decrease in circ. blood vol)

39
Q

How is AngII increased?

A

increased renin secretion due to:
1. decreased perfusion pressure of aff arteriole
2. TG feedback (low [NaCl] sensed at MD cells)
3. increased SNS outflow at the Aff arteriole

40
Q

How does AngII increase Na+ transport/reabsorption?

A

AT2 activation (proximal tubule), increased Ald production (last distal tubule and cortical collecting duct), and hemodynamic effects downstream of increase of restriction of eff arteriole)

41
Q

Explain AngII and it’s hemodynamic effects

A

Increase of resistance of the eff artieriole –> decrease RPF and increase Pglom.
Increased Pglom –> increased GFR –> increased FF –> increased πPTC –> increased capillary reabsorption (PTC)

42
Q

How are ADH anf AngII similar?

A

an increase in both leads to an increase in H2O reabsorption

43
Q

What does the SNS respond to?

A

hypovolemia
decreased BV –> decreased MAP –> increased outflow of SNS

44
Q

What is the immediate response of the SNS?

A

vasoconstriction of the aff arteriole

45
Q

What corrects for the decrease in GFR due to SNS outflow?

A

AngII - by constriction of the eff arteriole

46
Q

What does ANP respond to?

A

hypervolemia - volume expansion (increased vol of ECF)

47
Q

What are the effects of ANP?

A
  1. decreased renin secretion–> decreased AngII
  2. inhibition of ENaC
    directly impairs Na+ reabsorption anf indirectly impairs H2O reabsorption)
  3. dilation of aff arteriole (hemodynamic effect) –> increases fluid excretion and increases urea washout
48
Q

most diuretics promote ?

A

Natruiresis

49
Q

define natriuresis

A

increased excretion of Na+ and H2O

50
Q

define diuresis

A

increased excretion of dilulte H2O

51
Q

what opposes diuresis?

A

ADH

52
Q

How is ANP mobilized?

A

increase in Right Atrial Pressure –> activates love pressure baroreceptors (in R.A. and vena cava)

53
Q

What do Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors target?

A

Na+ transport in the proximal tubule

54
Q

What is the effect of Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors?

A
  1. increase Na+ excretion
  2. increase HCO3- excretion –> metabolic acidosis
55
Q

What do loop diuretics target?

A

the thick ascending limb of the LoH

56
Q

What is the effect of loop diretics?

A
  1. increased Na+ excretion
  2. Increased K+ excretion –> hypokalemia
57
Q

What do Thiazide diuretics target?

A

the distal tubule

58
Q

What is the effect of Thiazide diuretics?

A
  1. increase Na+ excretion
  2. decrease Ca2+ excretion –> hypercalcemia
59
Q

What do K+ Sparing Diuretics target?

A

late distal tubule/cortical collecting duct

60
Q

What is the effect of K+ Sparing Diuretics?

A
  1. Increased Na+ excretion
  2. decreased K+ excretion –> hyperkalemia
61
Q

What kind of substance is the best measurment of GFR?

A

one that is freely filtered, but neither reabsorbed or secreted (inulin or creatinine)

62
Q

What kind of substance is the best measurement for RPF?

A

one that is freely filtered, and extensively secreted (PAH)

63
Q

What type of substance will have the highest renal clearance (Cx)?

A

one that is freely filtered, and extensively secreted (PAH)

64
Q

What type of substance will have the lowest renal clearance (Cx)?

A

one that is freely filteres, but extensively reabsorbed (glucose)

65
Q

What type of substance will have an intermediate renal clearance (Cx)?

A

one that is freely filtered, but neither reabsorbed or secreted (inulin or creatinine)

66
Q

disruption of blood flow: what type of AKI?

A

pre-renal

67
Q

disruption originates within the kidney itself: what type of AKI?

A

intra-renal

68
Q

disruption due to impaired drainage of the urinary tract: what type of AKI?

A

post-renal

69
Q

what is the significance of an increased creatinine?

A

usually means impaired kidney fxn

PHYSIOLOGY (3 decks)

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