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Renal-1 > Renal Phys Body Fluid Compartments > Flashcards

Renal Phys Body Fluid Compartments Flashcards

1
Q

What is the basic water composition of the body?

A

60-40-20 rule

60% of body weight = water

40% of body weight = ICF water = 2/3 of total water

20% of body weight = ECF water = 1/3 of total water

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2
Q

What are the two parts of ECF?

A

interstitial fluid = 3/4 of ECF

Plasma = 1/4 of ECF

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3
Q

What is the only fluid that can be directly acted on to control its volume and composition?

A

plasma

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4
Q

What is third spacing?

A

too much fluid shifts from blood vessels into nonfunctional area of cells = trapped btw tissues and organs = edema

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5
Q

What are the major ions of the extracellular fluid?

A

Na+

Cl-

HCO3-

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6
Q

Which type of ECF contains more protein anions?

A

plasma

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7
Q

What are the major ions of the ICF?

A

K+

Po43-

Protein anions

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8
Q

What are nonelectrolytes?

A

molecules that contain covalent bonds that prevent them from dissociating in sol’n

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9
Q

What is osmolarity vs. osmolality?

A

osmolarity = # of particles per L sol’n

osmolaLity = # of particles per Kg sol’n

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10
Q

How much of the blood is plasma? How much is RBCs?

A

plasma = 60%

RBCs = 40%

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11
Q

How would a loss of ECF affect total plasma protein? What about a gain?

A

loss of ECF –> gain of total plasma protein (concentration)

gain of ECF –> loss of total plasma protein

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12
Q

What is normal hematocrit for a male?

For a female?

A
  1. 4
  2. 36
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13
Q

How will changes in ECF volume affect hematocrit?

A

ECF volume loss –> increased hematocrit

ECF volume gain –> decreased hematocrit

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14
Q

How would ICF volume changes affect hematocrit?

A

ICF increase –> increased hematocrit (cells swell)

ICF decrease –> cells shrink –> decreased hematocrit

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15
Q

What marker is used to measure the volume of ECF?

A

inulin

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16
Q

What indicator is used to measure plasma volume?

A

albumin

17
Q

What is the Gibbs-Donnan Effect?

A

presence of negatively charged proteins in cell that are impermeable to membrane –> causes both water and charges to want to come into cell

= both osmotic and electrochemical gradients generated

18
Q

How does the body counteract the gibbs’donnan effect?

A

Na/K ATPase counteracts inward force –> pumps 3 Na out for every 2 K in

(PumpKin)

prevents excessive inward mvnt of water

19
Q

What pressure relationships favor filtration?

A

Capillary hydrostatic pressure > capillary osmotic pressure

20
Q

What pressure relationship favors absorption?

A

when capillary blood pressure/hydrostatic pressure falls below capillary osmotic pressure

21
Q

When does edema become apparent?

A

when interstitial volume is increased by 2.5-3 L

need renal retention to actually see edema

22
Q

What is pitting vs non-pitting edema due to?

A

non-pitting edema = swollen cells due to increased ICF

pitting edema = increased ECF

23
Q

What is the starling eqn for net filtration?

A

K[(Pc - Pi) - (πc - πi)]

24
Q

What is a hypertonic solution?

A

causes cells to shrink

NaCl concetration greater than 0.85%

25
Q

What is a hypotonic solution?

A

causes cells to swell

NaCl concentration less than 0.85%

26
Q

What is an isotonic solution?

A

NaCl concetration equal to 0.85% or 300 mOsm

cells stay happy

27
Q

What is a crystalloid replacement?

A

contain organic or inorganic salts (saline)

do not cross plama membranes, but can go across capillary walls = stay in IF and blood

28
Q

What is colloid replacement?

A

contains large molecules that don’t pass through capillary walls = stay in intravascular space and pull in more water to bloodstream

29
Q

What is the eqn for plasm/serum osmolarity?

A

2(Na) + glucose/18 + BUN/2.8

30
Q

What is the eqn for plasma osmolality?

A

2(plasma [Na+])

31
Q

What is hypotonic/ hyponatremic dehydration?

A

Na leaves faster than H20 –> [Na] in ICF becomes greater than in ECF –> water will shift from ECF to cells

32
Q

What is hypertonic/ hypernatremic dehydration?

A

H2O leaves faster than sodium –> [Na] is greater in ECF –> water leaves cells

serum osmolality and sodium levels will be increased

33
Q

What is a volume contraction?

A

decrease in ECF –> decreased blood volume and BP

34
Q

What is volume expansion?

A

increased ECF –> increased BP and edema

35
Q

What is a darrow-yannet diagram?

A

used to study the effect of clinical conditions

osmolality = Y axis

volume = x axis

solid line = normal values

dashed lines = change in volume and osmolality

36
Q

What is an iso-osmotic volume contraction?

What does it look like on darrow-yannet?

A

direct loss of ECF –> only see ECF volume loss, but no change in osmolality or ICF volume

37
Q

What is a hyperosmotic volume contraction?

What does it look like on darrow-yannet?

A

decrease in ECF and ICF volumes

increase in body osmolality

38
Q

What does a hypo-osmotic volume expansion look like?

A

gain of hypotonic fluid –> increased ECF and ICF, but decreased body osmolality

39
Q

What does an isoosmotic volume expansion look like?

A

gain isotonic solution –> increased ECF

no change in ICF or osmolality

Renal-1 (14 decks)

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