Renal Pharmacology Flashcards
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
Acetazolamide , brinzolamide , dorzolamide , dichlorphenamide.
Acetazolamide uses
Mountain sickness by treating respiratory alkalosis and pulmonary edema. Glaucoma and seizures also.
Other carbonic anhydrase inhibitors drugs uses.
Dorzolamide and brinzolamide for glaucoma. Dichlorphenamide for familial periodic paralysis.
Adverse effects of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors.
Allergy
Metabolic acidosis
Alkaline urine causing renal stones
Hypokalamia
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors are contraindicated in
In hepatic encephalopathy because ammonia is basic and urine is alkaline hence ammonia is not excreted out.
Loop diuretic drugs
Furosemide , bumetanide and torsemide are used but can cause allergy as they are sulpha derivative.
Ethacrynic acid can be used.
Adverse effects of loop diuretics
Decrease in levels of all ions with calcium can cause renal stones.
Metabolic alkalosis
Ototoxicity
Increased uric acid
Loop diuretics are used in
Pulmonary edema - furosemide
Edema
Hypercalcemia
Hypertension
CHF (acute)
Examples of thiazide and thiazide like diuretics.
Chlorothizaide , hydrochlorothiazide are thiazide diuretics.
Chlorthalidone , indapamide and metolazone are thiazide like diuretics.
Thiazide uses.
1) first line choice for hypertension
2) CHF and cirrhotic edema
3) Osteoporosis by calcium reabsorption
4) decrease renal calcium stones
5) Diabetes insipidus both central and peripheral.
Adverse effects of thiazides
1) except calcium all ions decrease
2) increase glucose, uric acid and LDL
3) allergy , metabolic alkalosis and erectile dysfunction.
Drug interaction of thiazide and lithium
When sodium is lost PCT starts reabsorbing more and more sodium along with lithium leading to lithium toxicity hence contraindicated.
