Renal Pathology (Task 5) Flashcards
Inhibit release of renin from juxtaglomerula cells in response to high BP
Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP)
Converts angiotensinogin to angiotensin I
Renin
Converts angiotensin I into angiotensin II
ACE
Effects of angiotensin II
Vasoconstriction
Secretion of ADH/Vasopressin from Hypothalamus
Release of Aldosterone from Adrenal Cortex
Stimulates Thirst
Pathophysiology of diabetic nephropathy
Basement membrane in glomerulus becomes glycolated by excess glucose, especially in efferent arterioles
Hyaline arteriosclerosis causes increase in efferent arteriole pressure, afferent dilates to compensate leading to hyperinfiltration
Mesangial cells release more matrix in high pressue environment
Glomerulus expands, basement membrane thickens, podocytes are stretched
Albumin and other proteins can pass through
Glomerulus becomes too damaged to function
Pre-renal causes of AKI
Anything which reduces perfusion of kidney such as hypovolaemia, haemorrhage, sepsis, heart failure, hepatorenal syndrome
Renal causes of AKI
Acute Tubular Necrosis
Rapidly Progressive Glomerulitis
Interstitial Nephritis
Vascular Disease
Post-renal causes of AKI
Anything causing mechanical obstruction of urinary outflow such as calculi, stricture, tumour, BPH, retention, UTI, pyelonephritis
Pathognomic sign of acute tubular necrosis
“Muddy” casts of dead epithelial cells present in urine
Calculation for Renal Clearance
Clearance = (Urine concentration x Urine volume/time) over Plasma Concentration C= (U+V)/P
Components raised in azotaemia
Urea, Nitrogen and Creatinine
Chromosome type of ADPKD type 1
16
Chromosome type of ADPKD type 2
4
Antibodies involved in idiopathic membranous glomerulonephritis
Anti-phospholipase A2 antibodies
