Kidney and Ureter Structure (Task 2)

Question 1

Blood supply of kidneys

Answer 1

Renal Arteries > Anterior (75%) and Posterior (25%) Segmental Arteries > Interlobar > Arcuate > Interlobular > Afferent Arterioles

Question 2

Side of longer renal artery

Answer 2

Right

Question 3

Side of longer renal vein

Answer 3

Left

Question 4

Venous drainage of kidney

Answer 4

Renal Veins > IVC

Question 5

Part of kidney very susceptible to ischaemia

Answer 5

Inner Medulla

Question 6

Contents of a renal lobe

Answer 6

One pyramid and corresponding cortex which receive blood from one end artery

Question 7

Role of juxtaglomerula cells

Answer 7

Synthesise, store and secrete renin
Secrete renin as a response to low BP as detected by their own stretch receptors as a baroreceptor or by stimulation by macula densa cells

Question 8

Receptors within juxtaglomerula cells

Answer 8

Beta 1 adrenergic receptors

Question 9

Location of juxtaglomerula cells

Answer 9

Afferent (ingoing) arterioles entering nephron

Some are in efferent arterioles exiting nephron

Question 10

Macula Densa cell location

Answer 10

Wall of distal tubule

Question 11

Function of macula densa cells

Answer 11

Detect sodium concentration and release a signal in response to low concentrations
Signal increases renin release from juxtaglomerula cells
Decreases afferent arteriole resistance to blood flow thus increasing GFR

Question 12

Contents of juxtaglomerula apparatus

Answer 12

Juxtaglomerula Cells
Macula Densa Cells
Extraglomerula Mesangial Cells

Question 13

Measure of blood through glomeruli each minute

Answer 13

Glomerula Filtration Rate (GFR)

Question 14

Role of endothelium filtration layer in nephron

Answer 14

Fenestrated cells which prevent RBCs from passing through

Water, solutes, plasma and large proteins can pass

Question 15

Role of basement membrane filtration layer in nephron

Answer 15

Gel layer which blocks plasma proteins

Question 16

Role of epithelium filtration layer in nephron

Answer 16

Podocytes form filtration slits which block proteins

Question 17

Material which passes through three filtration layers

Answer 17

Glomerula Filtrate

Question 18

Prevents reflux of urine from bladder to ureters

Answer 18

Uretorovesical Junction

Question 19

Sites where kidney stones become stuck

Answer 19

Uteropelvic Junction (L2)
Pelvic Inlet (L4/L5)
Entrance to Bladder (Sacrum)