renal pathology

Question 1

2 tumours that can cause chronic kidney disease

Answer 1

transitional cell carcinoma

renal cell carcinoma of renal pelvis

Question 2

How can a filter be blocked

Answer 2

Membranous
cells have proliferated
Microscopic

Question 3

Infection in the kidney can be

Answer 3

Pyelonephritis

Papillary necrosis

Question 4

Kidney functions

Answer 4

Salt and water homestasis: changes in body water, changes in blood pressure and urine vol or conc
Excretion of waste products: uraemia, acidosis (lactic), drugs, potassium

Question 5

Humoral disturbance

Answer 5

Anaemia (RBCs become fragmente called shistocytes)
Renal bone disease- bones become soft due poor regulation of calcium and phosphate.
Hypertension- odema

Question 6

Barrier failure can cause

Answer 6

Haematuria
Proteinuria
Lipiduria

Question 7

K/DOQI classification of chronic renal disease

Answer 7

Stage 1: kidney damage. Normal GRF - MORE THAN 90
Stage 2: Mildly reduced GRF: 60-89
STAGE 3: Moderate GFR: 30-59
Stage 4: severely reduce GFR 15-29
Stage 5: V severe to end stage below 15

Question 8

GRF rate considers most

Answer 8

gender or race

Question 9

Serum creatinine and GRF

Answer 9

Varies inversely with reciprocal of plasma creatinine

Question 10

Tx for mild

Answer 10

diet adjustments/fluid balance - cant remove fluid so drink less
Supplements
Drugs: phosphate, hypertension, anaemia
Take immunosupressants

Question 11

Tx for severe

Answer 11

Dialysis

Transplantation

Question 12

Tx for very severe

Answer 12

Peritoneal dialysis

Hemodialysis

Question 13

Nephritic syndrome

Nephrotic sndrome

Answer 13

Nephrotic - prOtein

Nephritic - haematuria

Question 14

5 top causes of end stage kidney disease

Answer 14

1) Glomerulonephritis (problem with filter)
2) diabetes
3) Pyelonephritis- inflammation of kidney
4) Polycystic kidney disease- cysts
5) Hypertension

Question 15

Renal failure is associated with

Answer 15

splinter haemorrhages - caused by endocarditis
Lupus patients
Retina with white cloud spots
Scleroderma pts - 5% will have kidney failure

Question 16

Dental complications of kidney disease

Answer 16

Hypertension
K-related arrhythmia's 
infections as often immunosuppressed
Malnutrition
Renal osteodystrophy

Question 17

Drugs that can cause hyperplasia

Answer 17

cyclosporin (immuosupressant), phenytoin (antiepilepsy), nifedipine (