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renal pathology > renal pathology 2 > Flashcards

renal pathology 2 Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 4 major changes observed in glomerular dz

A

hypercellularity
basement membrane thickening
hyalinization
sclerosis

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2
Q

nephrotic syndrome defined

A

loss of >3.5g protein in urine

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3
Q

define nephritic cyndrome

A

blood in urine and hypertension

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4
Q

list the disorders presenting as nephrotic syndrome

A 
minimal change dz
focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
membranous glomerulopathy
diabetic nephropathy
lupus nephropathy
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5
Q

disorders presenting as nephritic syndrome

A

post streptococcal glomerulonephritis
cresentic glomerulonephritis
membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis

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6
Q

intracytoplasmic lipid inclusions in tubular cells
glomeruli appear normal
loss of foot processes( electric microscope)

A

minimal change dz

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7
Q

(nephrotic syndrome) associated with atopic dz and hodgkins lymphoma

A

minimal change dz

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8
Q

why does loss of foot processes result in presentation as a nephrotic syndrome

A

foot processes carry negative charge which typically repels protein from diffusing through glomeruli. without the foot processes we let that protein go where it wants

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9
Q

focal segmental glomerulosclerosis is clinically similar to minimal change dz, what is a factor that differentiates

A

age- focal seg. is seen in older people

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10
Q

break down the meaning of focal. segmental. glomerulosclerosis

A 
focal= not all glomeruli damaged
segmental= of the affected glomeruli, not all areas are damaged
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11
Q

does minimal change or focal segmental cause more permanent damge

A

focal segmental

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12
Q

loss of foot processes that often occurs as the result of scarring of some other nephropathy or HIV drugs

A

focal segmental glomerulosclerosis

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13
Q

the primary major cause of nephrotic syndrome

A

membranous glomerulopathy

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14
Q

10% of ______ cases are malignant tumor associated

which types of tumors?

A

membranous glomerulopathy

colon, lung, melanoma

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15
Q

nephrotic syndrome + azotemia– i suspectttt

A

membranous glomerulopathy

-nephrotic

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16
Q

diffuse thickening of capillary wall without increased number of cells
basement membrane up to 10x thicker

A

membranous glomerulopathy

-nephrotic

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17
Q

buzz word for membranous glomerulopathy

-nephrotic

A

spike and dome
spike is basement membrane
dome is immune deposit

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18
Q

great increase in basement membrane and kimmelstiel wilson nodules

A

diabetic nephropathy

kimmerlsteils are a nodular accumulation of mesangial matrix

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19
Q
  1. basement membrane thickens
  2. masangio proliferate
  3. kimmelsteil
  4. podocytes drop
A

diabetic nephropathy

-nephrotic

20
Q

wire loop abnormality

A

lupus nephropathy

-nephrotic

21
Q

lupus nephropathy
trend of stages
- nephrotic

A

stage 1-4 worsen in severity.

stage 5 is not more severe than 4 it is different in that it mimics membranous glomerulopathy

22
Q

post streptococcal glomerulonephritis buzz

-nephritic

A

red cell casts

lumpy bumpy

23
Q

basement membrane normal thickeness
subepithelial localization of immune deposition
increased c3 in blood

A

post strep glomerulonephritis

24
Q

cresentic glomerulonephritis type 1 is ___ mediated

A

antibody

nephritic

25
Q

cresentic glomerulonephritis type 2 is ___ mediated

A

immune complex

nephritic

26
Q

linear deposition of IgG

cross reacting with alveoli

A

goodpasture ( type 1 crescentic)

27
Q

what do we expect to see in kids with a recent febrile illness

A

IgA nephropathy ( type 2 crescentic) aka bergers dz

28
Q

assocaited with wegners and polarteritix nodosa

A

type 3 cresentic

29
Q

membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis

morphology+ buzz

A

slow preogressiont o renal failure
basement membrane thickens
tram track appearance

30
Q

membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis has a characteristic tram track appearance. what separates type 1 from type 2

A

type 1 proliferation of mesangial cells

type 2 dense depositts and reduced serum c3

31
Q

waht organism gives us UTI

A

ecoli> proeteus, klebsiella, enterobacter

32
Q

interstistial cystitis

A

no signs of bacerial infection
hunners ulcers
inflammation involves entire thickeness of bladder

33
Q

what to worry about with repetitive UTI

A

bladder cancer

34
Q

where are white blood cell casts seen

A

acute pyelonephritis

35
Q

when do we see repetative UTI in pediatrics

A

vesicourethral reflex

36
Q

waht are the longterm effects of pyeolonephritis

A

papillary necrosis
pyonephrosis
perinephric abscess
deformed calyces and renal pelvis

37
Q

waht accounts for 85% kidney stones

A

urolithiasis= calcium oxylate

38
Q

if we get magnesium ammonium phosphate kidney stones– what do they look like and why might we get them

A

HUGE
due to alkyline urine
f’ing staph and proteus

39
Q

if we get uric acid kidney stones its because

A

we have gout or a malignancy. shit.

but on the bright side theyre really not painful

40
Q

true or false: acute tubular necrosis can result in complete resolution without scaring

A

true!

need to be on dialysis during maintainance phase

41
Q

both hypo and hyper kalemia are seenw ith acute tubular necrosis. when?

A

hypo- recovery phase
hyper- maintainance

( this i need to get things done lets put it in hyperdrive. and now im going to recover from all of that hard work and sloowww ittt dowwwn with hypppoo)

42
Q

i exercised too much and now my urine is brown and my myoglobin is just leaking right out of me. i caused myself to get

A

acute tubular necrosis. but remember, if i go on dialysis during maintenance phase i will 100% recover!

43
Q

solitary lesion at the pole of a kidney that may consist of fat, smooth muscle, blood vessels..

A

hamartoma, an angiomyolipoma which is benign

44
Q

renal cell carcinoma - who gets it

A

smokers
men 50-70
genetic+ anticipation

45
Q

where do we see renal cell carcinoma and what may this jerk invade

A

upper pole

IVC and renal veins , lungs

46
Q

clear cell renal carcinoma- triad=

A

flank pain, hematuria, palpable mass

47
Q

what is the most common renal malignancy of childhood

A

wilms tumor
nephroblastoma
see a palpable flank mass
embryonic origin - contains bone, cartilge, striated muscle, CT

renal pathology (2 decks)

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