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renal pathology 2 Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 4 major changes observed in glomerular dz

A

hypercellularity
basement membrane thickening
hyalinization
sclerosis

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2
Q

nephrotic syndrome defined

A

loss of >3.5g protein in urine

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3
Q

define nephritic cyndrome

A

blood in urine and hypertension

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4
Q

list the disorders presenting as nephrotic syndrome

A 
minimal change dz
focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
membranous glomerulopathy
diabetic nephropathy
lupus nephropathy
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5
Q

disorders presenting as nephritic syndrome

A

post streptococcal glomerulonephritis
cresentic glomerulonephritis
membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis

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6
Q

intracytoplasmic lipid inclusions in tubular cells
glomeruli appear normal
loss of foot processes( electric microscope)

A

minimal change dz

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7
Q

(nephrotic syndrome) associated with atopic dz and hodgkins lymphoma

A

minimal change dz

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8
Q

why does loss of foot processes result in presentation as a nephrotic syndrome

A

foot processes carry negative charge which typically repels protein from diffusing through glomeruli. without the foot processes we let that protein go where it wants

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9
Q

focal segmental glomerulosclerosis is clinically similar to minimal change dz, what is a factor that differentiates

A

age- focal seg. is seen in older people

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10
Q

break down the meaning of focal. segmental. glomerulosclerosis

A 
focal= not all glomeruli damaged
segmental= of the affected glomeruli, not all areas are damaged
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11
Q

does minimal change or focal segmental cause more permanent damge

A

focal segmental

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12
Q

loss of foot processes that often occurs as the result of scarring of some other nephropathy or HIV drugs

A

focal segmental glomerulosclerosis

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13
Q

the primary major cause of nephrotic syndrome

A

membranous glomerulopathy

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14
Q

10% of ______ cases are malignant tumor associated

which types of tumors?

A

membranous glomerulopathy

colon, lung, melanoma

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15
Q

nephrotic syndrome + azotemia– i suspectttt

A

membranous glomerulopathy

-nephrotic

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16
Q

diffuse thickening of capillary wall without increased number of cells
basement membrane up to 10x thicker

A

membranous glomerulopathy

-nephrotic

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17
Q

buzz word for membranous glomerulopathy

-nephrotic

A

spike and dome
spike is basement membrane
dome is immune deposit

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18
Q

great increase in basement membrane and kimmelstiel wilson nodules

A

diabetic nephropathy

kimmerlsteils are a nodular accumulation of mesangial matrix

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19
Q
  1. basement membrane thickens
  2. masangio proliferate
  3. kimmelsteil
  4. podocytes drop
A

diabetic nephropathy

-nephrotic

20
Q

wire loop abnormality

A

lupus nephropathy

-nephrotic

21
Q

lupus nephropathy
trend of stages
- nephrotic

A

stage 1-4 worsen in severity.

stage 5 is not more severe than 4 it is different in that it mimics membranous glomerulopathy

22
Q

post streptococcal glomerulonephritis buzz

-nephritic

A

red cell casts

lumpy bumpy

23
Q

basement membrane normal thickeness
subepithelial localization of immune deposition
increased c3 in blood

A

post strep glomerulonephritis

24
Q

cresentic glomerulonephritis type 1 is ___ mediated

A

antibody

nephritic

25
cresentic glomerulonephritis type 2 is ___ mediated
immune complex | nephritic
26
linear deposition of IgG | cross reacting with alveoli
goodpasture ( type 1 crescentic)
27
what do we expect to see in kids with a recent febrile illness
IgA nephropathy ( type 2 crescentic) aka bergers dz
28
assocaited with wegners and polarteritix nodosa
type 3 cresentic
29
membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis | morphology+ buzz
slow preogressiont o renal failure basement membrane thickens tram track appearance
30
membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis has a characteristic tram track appearance. what separates type 1 from type 2
type 1 proliferation of mesangial cells | type 2 dense depositts and reduced serum c3
31
waht organism gives us UTI
ecoli> proeteus, klebsiella, enterobacter
32
interstistial cystitis
no signs of bacerial infection hunners ulcers inflammation involves entire thickeness of bladder
33
what to worry about with repetitive UTI
bladder cancer
34
where are white blood cell casts seen
acute pyelonephritis
35
when do we see repetative UTI in pediatrics
vesicourethral reflex
36
waht are the longterm effects of pyeolonephritis
papillary necrosis pyonephrosis perinephric abscess deformed calyces and renal pelvis
37
waht accounts for 85% kidney stones
urolithiasis= calcium oxylate
38
if we get magnesium ammonium phosphate kidney stones-- what do they look like and why might we get them
HUGE due to alkyline urine f'ing staph and proteus
39
if we get uric acid kidney stones its because
we have gout or a malignancy. shit. | but on the bright side theyre really not painful
40
true or false: acute tubular necrosis can result in complete resolution without scaring
true! | need to be on dialysis during maintainance phase
41
both hypo and hyper kalemia are seenw ith acute tubular necrosis. when?
hypo- recovery phase hyper- maintainance ( this i need to get things done lets put it in hyperdrive. and now im going to recover from all of that hard work and sloowww ittt dowwwn with hypppoo)
42
i exercised too much and now my urine is brown and my myoglobin is just leaking right out of me. i caused myself to get
acute tubular necrosis. but remember, if i go on dialysis during maintenance phase i will 100% recover!
43
solitary lesion at the pole of a kidney that may consist of fat, smooth muscle, blood vessels..
hamartoma, an angiomyolipoma which is benign
44
renal cell carcinoma - who gets it
smokers men 50-70 genetic+ anticipation
45
where do we see renal cell carcinoma and what may this jerk invade
upper pole | IVC and renal veins , lungs
46
clear cell renal carcinoma- triad=
flank pain, hematuria, palpable mass
47
what is the most common renal malignancy of childhood
wilms tumor nephroblastoma see a palpable flank mass embryonic origin - contains bone, cartilge, striated muscle, CT

renal pathology (2 decks)

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