renal pathology 1

Question 1

mesangial cells

Answer 1

• structural support
• phagocytic activity
• secrete bioactive molecules

Question 2

macula densa

Answer 2

in distal convuluted tubule

sensory cells responsible for detecting sodium concetration

Question 3

azotemia

Answer 3

elevated BUN and creatinine ( cr more sensitive to kidney dz)
nitrogen

Question 4

nephritic syndrom

Answer 4

visible blood in the urine

Question 5

nephrotic syndrome

Answer 5

protein urea > 3.5 g/day

Question 6

acute renal failure

Answer 6

oliguria/anuria + azotemia

Question 7

chronic renal failure + stages

Answer 7

prolonged symptoms of uremia

• diminished renal reserve= 50% GFR
• renal insufficincy= GFR 20-50%. hypertnesion
• GFR 20-25% edema, neuro and cardio problems
• end stage- GFR <5%. temrinal uremia

Question 8

unilateral agenesis of kidney

Answer 8

beingn. remaining kidney enlarged. may get glomerular sclerosis

Question 9

kidney hypoplasia

Answer 9

do not develop to normal size

reduced # of lobes and pyramids

Question 10

cystic renal dysplasia

Answer 10

immature collecting ducts
cysts lined with flattened epithelium
normal and abnormal nephrons

Question 11

adult onset polycystic kidneys

Answer 11

autosomal dominant
large and multicystic
liver cysts
high rate of proliferation and apoptosis
cysts press on glomeruli and arteries= suffocation
berry aneurysms
chronic renal failure age 40-60
hematuria, flank pain, UTI, htn, renal stones

Question 12

childhood onset polycystic kidney

Answer 12

recessive.
cysts at right angles to cortical surface
enlarged cystic kidneys at birth
will have kidney liver and pancreas issues (hepatic fibrosis)
will not survive.
kidneys large with smooth surface
cysts of cortex and medulla

Question 13

medullary sponge kidney

Answer 13

asymptomatic until calcifies
Ca salt precipitates due to low pH
cysts lined with cuboidal/ transitional epithelium
hematuria, UTI, renal stones 
benign

Question 14

adult onset medullary cystic disease complx

Answer 14

small kidney with contracted granular surface
cysts in medulla and corticomedullary junction
ocular lesions
salt wasting, polyuria
benign

Question 15

familial juvenile nephronophthisis

Answer 15

recessive
corticomedullary cysts and shrunken kidney
salt wasting, polyuria, growth retardation, anemia
progressive renal failure from childhood

Question 16

simple cysts

Answer 16

single or multiple cysts, normal size kidney
microscopic hematuria
benign

Question 17

acquired renal cystic disease

Answer 17

cystic degeneration. end stage renal dz
hemorrhage, erythrocytosis, neoplasia
need dialysis

Question 18

which kidney pathologies ( cystic) are recessive

Answer 18

childhood polycystic

familial juvenile nephrolithiasis

Question 19

cystic conditions of the cortex

Answer 19

cystic renal dysplasia
polycystic kidney adult
polycystic kidney child ( cortex and medulla)

Question 20

cystic conditions of the medulla

Answer 20

polycystic kidney child ( medulla and cortex)
medullary sponge kidney
medullary cystic disease complex

Question 21

corticomedullary cysts with shrunken kidney

Answer 21

familial juvenile

adult onset medullary cystic disease