RENAL PATHOLOGY

Question 1

3 layers of glomerulus

Answer 1

EC
GBM
Podocytes

Question 2

how many pyramids

Answer 2

12

Question 3

renal lobe

Answer 3

medullary pyramid and overlying cortex

Question 4

major compartments of glomerulus

Answer 4

Glomerular tuft

extraglomerular tuft

Question 5

what are the four resident cell types in glomerulus

Answer 5

mesangial cells
endothelial cells
visceral epithelial cells/ podocytes - gt
parietal epithelial cells/ egt

Question 6

Biochemical components of GBM

Answer 6

Collagen Type 4
Laminin
Polyanionic proteoglycans
Fibronectin 
Entactin
Collagen 5 7
Amyloid P

Question 7

Function of mesangium

Answer 7

Surface receptors for angiotensin 2,vasopressin, TXA2, PGE2
Alter glomerular capillary diameter and helps in regulating plasma blood flow
Participate in the Sequestration and clearing of immune complexes since they’ve abundant lysosomes

Question 8

Components of JGA

Answer 8

Macula densa
Afferent arterioles terminal
Efferent arteeioles proximal
Macula densa

Question 9

Types of renal hypoplasia

Answer 9

Oligomeganeohronic

Simple

Question 10

Types of cystic renal dysplasia

Answer 10

Multicystic dysplasia
Localized dysplasia
Dysplasia associated with lower urinary tract obstruction

Question 11

Complications of multicystic dysplasia

Answer 11

Nephroblastoma

RCC

Question 12

Congenital nephronomegaly is associated with which syndrome

Answer 12

Beckwith-Wideman syndrome

Question 13

Types of ectopic kidney

Answer 13

Simple or crossed

Question 14

Horseshoe kidney associated with which syndrome

Answer 14

Turner syndrome

Question 15

3 categories of RPGN

Answer 15

1. Post infectious RPGN secondary to acute poly step GN
   Systemic diseases like Goodpasture syndrome, SLE, PAN, Wegener granulomatosis, Henoch-Schonlein purpura
2. Idiopathic RPGN

Question 16

How GP arise

Answer 16

spontaneously or follow influenza or exposue to organic solvents or drugs such as rifampicin

Question 17

renal manifestation of Goodpasture. Nephritic or nephrotic

Answer 17

Nephritic

Question 18

which two diseases present as asymptomatic haematuria

Answer 18

thin membrane disease

IgA nephropathy

Question 19

heterezygous mutatuion of COL4A3 COL4A4

Homozygous mutation

Answer 19

TMD

Alport syndrome

Question 20

do TMD patients develop Renal failure

Answer 20

no

Question 21

cause of death in Good pasture

Answer 21

uraemia

Question 22

distinguish between fibrillary GN and immunotactoid glomerulopathy

Answer 22

glomerular infiltration by fibrils

glomerular deposition of ig with structural organisation as microtubules

Question 23

lesions in dG

Answer 23

Glomerular lesions
Renal vascular aterio
Pyelonephritis
Tubular lesions

Question 24

what comprises the glomerular lesions in diabetic glomerulopathy

Answer 24

BM thickening
diffuse glomeruloscelois
nodular gs
exudative lesions(fibrin caps and capsular drops)

Question 25

which of the glomerula lesions is pathognomonic

Answer 25

Nodular glomeruloscelorosis

Question 26

where is Armani-Erbstein lesion found

Answer 26

proximal epithelial cells | Seen in diabetic glomerulonephropathy

Question 27

is diabetic neuropathy associated with proteinuria

Answer 27

yeah but it's mild

Question 28

Conditions that predispose one to RCC

Answer 28

Von - Hippel Lindau Syndrome Acquired cystic disease in pts on dialysis ADPKD

Question 29

Most common RCC seen with dialysis associated cystic disease

Answer 29

Papillary carcinoma

Question 30

RCC may present in 3 ways. Name them

Answer 30

Autosomal dominant RCC with clear cell pattern VHL Papillary RCC

Question 31

In RCC, which percentage has Metatastis at time of diagnosis

Answer 31

1/3rd

Question 32

In RCC, where does it spread to

Answer 32

Perinephric fat Regional lymph nodes Lungs Bones Pelvis

Question 33

In RCC, where does it spread to

Answer 33

Perinephric fat Regional lymph nodes Lungs Bones Pelvis

Question 34

Clinical triad in RCC

Answer 34

Loin pain Haematuria Palpable tumor

Question 35

Angiomyolipoma is associated with which disease

Answer 35

Tuberous sclerosis

Question 36

Complication of angiomyolipoma

Answer 36

Retroperitoneal hemorrhage