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lymphoreticular pathology > CVS PATHOLOGY > Flashcards

CVS PATHOLOGY Flashcards

1
Q

Normal weight in female and male

A

250-300

300-350

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2
Q

changes in lungs

A

increased hydrostatic pressure
pulmonary edema and congestion
heart failure cells
brown induration of the lungs

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3
Q

Changes in Kidneys

A

Stimulation of RAAS
salt and water retention
acute tubular necrosis
Pro-renal azotaemia

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4
Q

Changes in liver

A

central hemorrhagic necrosis
Nutmeg appearance
cardiac sclerosis

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5
Q

spleen changes

A

congestive splenomegaly

siderofibrotic nodules - Ghandygamma bodies

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6
Q

hypertension values

A

greater than 140 and 90

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7
Q

types of hypertension

A

essential

secondary

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8
Q

cause of essential

A

genetics - genetic deffect in renal excretion and family cluster
environment - stress, obesity, increased salt intake

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9
Q

cause of secondary

A

renal diseases
endocrine
vasucular
neurogenic

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10
Q

blood pressure formula

A

C0 TIMES PR

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11
Q

what disease in hyptn usually associated with?

A

coronary atherosclerosis

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12
Q

characteristics of compensated hptn heart disease

A

steady cardiac output
concentric LVH
no dilatation
no vascular lesions

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13
Q

characterisitcs of decompensated hptn heart disease

A

cardiac dilatiion
hypertrophy
lv dilation
cardiomegaly

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14
Q

what organism causes rheumatic fever

A

group Aa B hemolytic streptococci

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15
Q

which part of the layers of the heart are aschoff bodies common

A

myocardium

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16
Q

diagnostic anatomic lesions of rheumatic fever

A

Aschoff body

17
Q

what are ashcoff body

A

Foci or fibrinoid necrosis surrounded by lymphocytes, macrophages, occasional plasma cells and plump activated histiocytes called Anitschkow cells

18
Q

what are verrucae in rheumatic endocarditis

A

small friable vegetations deposited along the free edge of the cusps

19
Q

McCallum plaques in rheumatic endocarditis

A

fibrous plaques seen on the subendocardium of the left atrium

20
Q

which cells are pathognomonic of RH

and what is another name for it

A

Anitschkow’s cells

Caterpillar cells

21
Q

difference between infective endocarditis an rheumatic fever in terms of verrucae

A

IE have bulk friable bacterial laden vegetation

22
Q

Organisms causing acute IE

A

S. Aureus

S. pneumonia

23
Q

organisms causing subacute IE

A

S. viridans
s. epidermitis
E.coli
HACEK

24
Q

Factors predisposing one to development of IE

A

Seeding of blood with microbes
Hemodynamic disturbance occuring across deformed heart valve
Activation of clotting cascade
Production off agglutinating antibodies leading to clumping of organism within the vegetation

25
Q

is there fragmentation and embolisation of septic vegetation in IE

A

YES

Spleen
brain
coronary arteries
kidneys

26
Q

Types of non-infective endocarditis

A
  1. Marantic endocarditis or non bacteria thrombotic endocarditis
  2. Libman-Sacks dx or non - bacteria verrucous endocarrditis
27
Q

what’s the most common souce of coronary emboli

A

Marantic endocarditis

28
Q

X’tics of verrucae in Libman-Sacks Endocarditis

A

Granular flat verucae on both surfaces of valves

29
Q

4 clinicopathologic syndromes in ischemic heart disease```

A

Angina pectoris
Myocardial infarction
Chronic ischaemic heart disease
Sudden cardiac death

30
Q

causes of coronary insufficiency

A 
coronary atherosclerosis
coronary vasospasm
coronary artery embolism
ostial stenosis
coronary thrombosis
aneurysms
congenital anomalies
31
Q

pathogenesis of mi

A

occlusive intrancoronary thrombus
vasospasm with or without atheroscelorosis
Emboli from
left sided mural thrombus
vegetative endocarditis
paradoxical emboli rom right side of heart via fromen ovale
left atrium in association with atrial fibrillation

32
Q

which of the enzymes is useful in re infarction

A

CK MB

33
Q

which enzyme or protein is much more specific in the diagnosis of MI

A

Troponin

34
Q

Which enzyme or protein is elevated before CKMB but it’s not specific

A

Myoglobin

35
Q

how to use ldh in diagnosing MI

A

Normally isoenzyme is higher than 1 but in MI, this is reversed

lymphoreticular pathology (7 decks)

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