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Renal > Renal patho 2 > Flashcards

Renal patho 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Stress incontinence is due to

A

Outlet incompetence

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2
Q

Overflow incontinence diagnostic test

A

↑ post-void residual

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3
Q

Sympathetic input to bladder
Receptors:
Function:

A

Hypogastric nerve
Receptors: α1 (internal urethral sphincter), ß3 (body)
Function: ↑ urinary retention

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4
Q

Somatic input to bladder
Receptors:
Function:

A

Pudendal nerve
Receptor: Nicotinic (external urethral sphincter)
Function: voluntary control

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5
Q

Parasympathetic input to bladder
Receptors:
Function:

A

Sacral prexus
Receptors: M3 (Detrusor muscles and internal urethral sphincter)
Function: ↑detrusor muscle tone, ↓IUS tone

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6
Q

RCC most common metastasis to

A
  1. lung
  2. bone
  3. liver
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7
Q

Renal oncocytoma originates from:

Gross and Histology:

A

Benign epithelial cell tumor arising from collecting ducts (well circumscribed mass with central scar).

Large eosinophilic cells with abundant mitochondria without perinuclear clearing

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8
Q

Most common tumor of urinary tract system

A

Transition cell carcinoma

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9
Q

Transition cell carcinoma is associated with

A

Pee SAC

Phenacetin, Smoking, Aniline dyes, and Cyclophosphamide

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10
Q

Tumor at dome of bladder is due to ________

type of cancer

A

Urachal remnant

Adenocarcinoma

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11
Q

Transition cell carcinoma: test of choice

A

cystoscopy and biopsy

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12
Q

Acute cystitis treatment:

A

antibiotics (eg, TMP-SMX, nitrofurantoin).

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13
Q

Acute pyelonephritis CT would show

A

striated parenchymal enhancement

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14
Q

Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis
►Gross
►kidney damage due to
►Associated with

A

►grossly orange nodules that can mimic tumor nodules
►widespread kidney damage due to granulomatous tissue containing foamy macrophages.
►Associated with Proteus infection

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15
Q

Chronic pyelonephritis

►Gross

A

Coarse, asymmetric corticomedullary scarring, blunted calyx

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16
Q

Decline in renal function can be beasured by

A
  1. ↑Cr and ↑BUN

2. Oliguria/anuria

17
Q

Test of choice in postrenal azotemia is

A

Renal USG

18
Q

Acute interstitial nephritis

Type of hypersensitivity

A

cell mediated type 4

19
Q

D/Ds of Acute interstitial nephritis

A

►Acute tubular necrosis from NSAIDs
no rash or eosinophils
►Renal atheroemboli
also presents with eosinophiluria, eosinophilia, and skin rash
rash is typically livedo reticularis with digital infarcts and not maculopapular

20
Q

NSAIDs cause ATN due to

A

Ischemia (afferent vasoconstriction)

21
Q

Ischemic ATN ________ highly susceptible to injury

A

(PCT and thick ascending limb are highly susceptible to injury).

22
Q

Diffuse cortical necrosis

A

Acute generalized cortical infarction of both kidneys. Likely due to a combination of vasospasm and DIC.

23
Q

Part of renal artery stenosed in
►atherosclerosis
►fibromuscular dysplasia

A

►proximal 1/3

►distal 2/3 or segmental branches

24
Q

In bilateral renal artery stenosis, kidney is dependent on ____ for perfusion

A

Angiotensin II
Angiotensin II → systemic vasoconstriction → ↑BP to maintain renal blood flow
also Angiotensin II causes efferent vasoconstriction to maintain GFR

25
Q

Risk of renal failure in patients treated with ACE inhibitor can be lowered by

A

discontinuing diuretics as volume depletion increases dependence on efferent vasoconstriction to maintain GFR

26
Q

Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease

Cystic dilation of

A

collecting ducts

27
Q

Autosomal dominant tubulointerstitial kidney disease
Also called ______.
It causes _____________.

USG findings

A

medullary cystic kidney disease

tubulointerstitial fibrosis and progressive renal insufficiency with inability to concentrate urine

Medullary cysts usually not visualized; smaller kidneys on ultrasound

28
Q

ADPKD is associated with

A

berry aneurysms, mitral valve prolapse, benign hepatic cysts, diverticulosis.

29
Q

Cystic fibrosis: metabolic defect?

Why?

A

Metabolic alkalosis

► 1. Diarrhea 2. Cl- loss in sweat

Renal (6 decks)

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