Embryo & Anatomy

Question 1

Metanephros development

Answer 1

—permanent; first appears in 5th week of gestation; nephrogenesis continues through weeks 32–36 of gestation

Question 2

Ureteric bud is also called:
Derived from
Structures formed:

Answer 2

(metanephric diverticulum)

— derived from caudal end of mesonephric duct;

gives rise to ureter, pelvises, calyces, collecting ducts

Question 3

Metanephric mesenchyme is also called:

Structures formed

Answer 3

(ie, metanephric blastema)—

ureteric bud interacts with this tissue; interaction induces differentiation and formation of glomerulus through to distal convoluted tubule (DCT)

Question 4

Horse shoe kidney trapped under

Answer 4

inferior mesenteric artery

Question 5

Unilateral renal agenesis- defect:

Answer 5

Ureteric bud fails to develop and induce differentiation of metanephric mesenchyme

Question 6

Multicystic dysplastic kidney- defect:

Answer 6

Ureteric bud fails to induce differentiation of metanephric mesenchyme

Question 7

Multicystic dysplastic kidney mode of inheritence

Answer 7

Nonhereditary

Question 8

Duplex collecting system

Answer 8

two uretric buds

Question 9

Bifid ureters

Answer 9

bifurcation of a single ureteric bud

Question 10

Urine output and serum creatinine in unilateral ureter obstruction

Answer 10

Both normal

Question 11

Basement membrane is composed of

Answer 11

type IV collagen chains and heparan sulfate

Question 12

Size barrier

Answer 12

►fenestrated capillary endothelium (prevents entry of >100 nm molecules/blood cells);
►podocyte foot processes interpose with glomerular basement membrane (GBM); slit diaphragm (prevents entry of molecules >50–60 nm).

Question 13

Unit of GFR

Answer 13

mL/min