renal notes Flashcards
1
Q
what is hyperacute transplant rejection?
A
- type II sensitivity reaction caused by pre-existing IgG or IgM antibodies targeting HLA or ABO antigens
- autoimmune reaction leads to thrombosis of the vascular supply to the graft, causing ischaemia of the transplanted organ and ultimately necrosis. The only treatment option is removal of the graft.
2
Q
what is acute graft failure?
A
- several months in making
- mismatched HLA
- treated with steroidsand immunosuppressants
3
Q
what is chronic graft failure?
A
- takes place longer than 6 months
- caused by antibodies and cell-mediated reactions
- leads to fibrosis of kidney over time
4
Q
how does post-transplant acute tubular necrosis present?
A
- reduced urine output
- muddy brown casts on urinalysis
5
Q
what is lymphocele?
A
- common complication post transplant
- normally asymptomatic
6
Q
what is the most common form of renal carcinoma in a child?
A
Wilm’s tumour
7
Q
what is the median age of Wilms nephroblastoma?
A
3 years of age
8
Q
what is a Wilm’s tumour associated with?
A
9
Q
what are the features of a Wilm’s tumour?
A
10
Q
what is the management of a Wilm’s tumour?
A
11
Q
what are the histological features of a Wilm’s tumour?
A
12
Q
at what level do the renal arteries branch off the abdominal aorta?
A
L2
13
Q
name a potassium sparing diuretic
A
spironolactone
14
Q
A
