Renal - Nephrology

Question 1

diagnosis for SLE with proteinuria?

Answer 1

lupus nephritis

Question 2

diagnosis for muddy brown casts?

Answer 2

ATN, AKI

Question 3

dignosis for peripheral oedema + proteinuria?

Answer 3

focal segmental glomerulonephritis

Question 4

diagnosis for pulmonary haemorrhage (decreased o2 and haemoptysis?

Answer 4

goodpastures

Question 5

diagnosis for allergic type picture, increased urinary WCC, IgE, eosinophils, impaired renal function

Answer 5

Acute interstiial nephritis

Question 6

how to decrease the risk of AKI in at risk patients relating to contrast?

Answer 6

NaCl for 12 hours pre and post procedure

Question 7

which biochem finding suggests kidney disease is chronic?

Answer 7

hypocalcaemia

Question 8

how to treat central diapetes insipidus?

Answer 8

desmopression (vasopressin V2 receptor agonist)

Question 9

causes of normal anion gap

Answer 9

GI bicarb loss (diarrhoea, fistula)
renal tubular acidosis
acetazolamide
addisons

Question 10

which drug causes gynaecomastia?

Answer 10

spironolactone

Question 11

causes of raised anion gap

Answer 11

lactate - shock, hypoxia
ketone - DKA, alcohol
urate - renal failure
acid poisoning - salicylate, methanol
5-oxoproline, chronic paracetamol use

Question 12

sign of pre renal cuase

Answer 12

normal urinary sediment

Question 13

signs of IgA nephropathy

Answer 13

1-2 days post infeciton
haematuria
proteinuira

Question 14

signs of post streptococcal

Answer 14

1-2 weeks post URTI

Question 15

signs of membraneous nephropathy glomerulonephritis?

Answer 15

thickened GBM
malignancy

Question 16

creatinine findings

Answer 16

> 100 pre renal
40-100 - renal
<40 - post renal

Question 17

findings of amyloid nephritis

Answer 17

apple green birefringence
elderly
multiple myeloma

Question 18

triad of HUS

Answer 18

microangiopathic haemolyic anaemia
thrombocytopenia
AKI

Question 19

most common type of renal stones

Answer 19

calcium

Question 20

treatment for lower UTI women

Answer 20

trimethroprim - avoid in 1st trimestre
nitrofurantoin - avoid in late pregnancy
PO 3 days (7 in pregnancy)

Question 21

treatment for uncatheterised male UTI

Answer 21

trimethroprim / nitro 7 days

Question 22

complicated UTI / pyelo

Answer 22

co-amoxiclav 14 days

Question 23

symptoms of ADPKD

Answer 23

most common
flank pain
recurrent UTI
hypertension
renal dysfunction
haematuria
berry aneurysms

Question 24

alport syndrome symptoms

Answer 24

haematuria
proteinuria
SNHL
occular deficits