Renal Memorization Flashcards
Causes of excessive production/ingestion of fixed H ions leading to metabolic acidosis
Diabetic ketoacidosis Lactic acidosis Salicylate poisoning Methanol/formaldehyde poisoning Ethylene glycol poisoning
Loss of HCO3 leading to metabolic acidosis
Diarrhea
Type 2 renal tubular acidosis
Inability to excreted fixed H ions leading to metabolic acidosis
Chronic renal failure
Type 1 renal tubular acidosis
Type 4 renal tubular acidosis (hypoaldosteronism, and hyperkalemia)
Loss of H ions leading to metabolic alkalosis
Vomiting
Hyperaldosteronism
Gain of HCO3 leading to metabolic alkalosis
Ingestion of NaHCO3
Milk-alkali syndrome
Volume contraction causing metabolic alkalosis
Loop or thiazide diuretics
Inhibition of respiratory drive causing metabolic acidosis
Opiates barbiturates anesthetics lesions of the central nervous system central sleep apnea oxygen therapy
Disorders of respiratory muscles paralysis causing metabolic acidosis
Guillain-Barre syndrome
polio
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
multiple sclerosis
Airway obstruction causing respiratory acidosis
Aspiration
Obstructive sleep apnea
Laryngospasm
Disorders of gas exchange causing respiratory acidosis
Acute respiratory distress syndrome
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Pneumonia
Pulmonary edema
Stimulation of respiratory drive leading to respiratory alkalosis
Hysterical hyperventilation
Gram-negative septicemia
Salicylate poisoning
Neurological disorders
Hypoxemia causing respiratory alkalosis
high altitude
Pneumonia
pulmonary embolism
severe anemia
Mechanical ventilation causing respiratory alkalosis
Pregnancy liver failure congestive heart failure hyperparthyroidism pain, chest trauma, fractured ribs
Metabolic normochloremic acidosis (increased anion gap)
M- methanol, metformin U-uremia D- diabetic ketoacidosis (diabetes, alcohol or starvation) P- Paraldehyde, propylene glycol I- Iron, isoniazid, inhalants L- lactic acidosis E- Ethylene glycol S- Salicylates, solvents (toluene)
