Renal Lecture

Question 1

Renal Physiology plays a major role in _____

Answer 1

Blood composition, blood pressure, excreting waste products, toxins

Question 2

Kidneys receive ___% of cardiac output.

Answer 2

20%

Question 3

The urinary system is composed of ___

Answer 3

Kidneys, ureturs, urinary bladder, urethra

Question 4

The urinary system is constantly working to maintain the purity and health of the body’s fluids by _____ unwanted substances and ____ others

Answer 4

Removing; recycling

Question 5

Kidneys contribute to homeostasis how?

Answer 5

By regulating plasma composition through the elimination of metabolic wastes, toxins, excess ions, and water

Question 6

What are the 3 main metabolic waste products?

Answer 6

• Urea (formed by the breakdown of proteins)
• Uric Acid ( formed by breakdown of nucleic acids)
• Creatinine (formed by breakdown of creatine, phosphate, found in muscle tissue)

Question 7

Urea is formed by the breakdown of

Answer 7

Proteins

Question 8

Uric acid is formed by the breakdown of

Answer 8

Nucleic acids

Question 9

Creatinine is formed by the breakdown of

Answer 9

Creatine phosphate, found in muscle tissue

Question 10

Kidneys are located in the _____ space

Answer 10

Retroperitoneal space

Question 11

Functions of the kidney? They aid in regulation of _____

Answer 11

Volume, composition, and pH of the body fluids.

Question 12

H+ can help determine ____

Answer 12

pH

Question 13

Kidneys help in the regulation of acid-base homeostasis via ____

Answer 13

The production of ammonia. More ammonia= more acidic blood.

Question 14

Kidneys help in the regulation of energy metabolism via ______ during fasting conditions.

Answer 14

Gluconeogenesis

Question 15

Kidneys help in regulation of plasma osmolarity through the control of _____ receptors within the _____

Answer 15

Aquaporin receptors; collecting duct. Via ADH

Question 16

Vitamin D3 is inactive UNTIL ____

Answer 16

It reaches the kidneys.

Question 17

Vitamin D3 plays a role in calcium ____

Answer 17

Reabsorption

Question 18

Kidneys play a role in synthesis and conversion of important hormones such as _____ and ____

Answer 18

Erythropoietin and renin

Question 19

The Afferent Arteriole provides blood to the ____

Answer 19

Glomerulus

Question 20

What surrounds the PCT (proximal convoluted tubule) and DCT (distal consulates tubule)

Answer 20

Peritubular Capillaries

Question 21

What is the function of the peritubular capillaries

Answer 21

Secretion and reabsorption

Question 22

What surrounds the loop of henle?

Answer 22

Vasa recta

Question 23

The Cortical Radiate Artery is also called the

Answer 23

Interlobular Artery

Question 24

Nephron definition

Answer 24

The main functional unit of the KIDNEYS

Question 25

What is the nephron responsible for?

Answer 25

Urine formation

Question 26

The cortical nephron produces more _____ in comparison to Juxtamedullary nephron

Answer 26

Diluted urine

Question 27

Where is the cortical nephron found?

Answer 27

In the cortex

Question 28

What is the Juxtamedullary nephron?

Answer 28

Longer loops of henle that extend down the renal medulla.

Question 29

Longer loops of henle allow for more water reabsorption to occur, therefore the urine ____

Answer 29

Will be more concentrated

Question 30

The nephron is composed of

Answer 30

Renal corpuscle= bowman’s capsule+ glomerulus

Question 31

The nephron produces urine through ____ main interaction mechanisms.

Answer 31

3/4

Question 32

Filtration is what

Answer 32

The first stage of urine production. The movement of water and plasma solutes through the glomerular capillary walls into the urinary space of the Bowman’s Capsule

Question 33

Filtration will ONLY occur at the ____

Answer 33

Glomerulus

Question 34

Reabsorption is what

Answer 34

when a substance is transported from the filtrate, through the tubular cell membrane walls, and eventually into systemic circulation

Question 35

What happens in reabsorption step?

Answer 35

Most of the nutrients, water, and essential ions are recovered from the filtrate (nephron) and returned to the blood.

Question 36

Secretion is what

Answer 36

A substance is transported from peritubular blood vessels into the filtrate product, which will ultimately form urine

Question 37

What happens in the secretion step?

Answer 37

Certain substances are secreted from the bloodstream into the filtrate product (nephron) to be eliminated. Occurs in later stages, can occur in the proximal tubule.

Question 38

Excretion is what

Answer 38

The process of eliminating or expelling waste matter through the final excretory product, urine

Question 39

Glomerular Filtration is the ____ of urine formation to occur

Answer 39

Initial stage

Question 40

Glomerular Filtration houses ____ and helps with ____

Answer 40

Podocytes and helps with filtration. They form Pericles that allow filtrate to leave the capillaries.

Question 41

In the glomerular filtration, The endothelium of these capillaries are very porous. •They allow _________ to pass from the blood into the capsule.

Answer 41

fluid, waste products, ions, glucose, and amino acids to pass from the blood into the capsule.

Question 42

The Glomerular Filtration blocks out bigger molecules like _____, so they stay in the blood and exit through vasa recta

Answer 42

Blood cells and proteins (Albumin)

Question 43

Damage to Glomerulus=

Answer 43

He matures or albuminuria.

Question 44

What is Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) ?

Answer 44

Volume of filtrate produced by both kidneys per minute. Physiological indicator of renal function

Question 45

GFR is determined by _____

Answer 45

Starlings pressure.