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Board Review - C - Renal > Renal III > Flashcards

Renal III Flashcards

1
Q

RBC casts

A

glomerulonephritis

malignant HTN

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2
Q

muddy brown cysts

A

acute tubular necrosis

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3
Q

oval fat bodies

A

fatty cast

with nephrotic syndrome

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4
Q

waxy cast

A

end stage renal disease

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5
Q

focal

A
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6
Q

diffuse

A

> 50% glomeruli

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7
Q

nephritic syndromes

A 
PSGN
RPGN
IgA nephropathy - berger
alport
MPGN
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8
Q

nephrotic syndromes

A 
FSGS
minimal change disease
membranous nephropathy
amyloid
diabetic glomerulonephropathy
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9
Q

nephritic

A

GBM disruption

-inflammatory process

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10
Q

nephrotic

A

podocyte disruption

> 3.5 g/day

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11
Q

PSGN

A

strep pyogenes - group A strep infection
-type III hypersensitivity

starry sky - granular
lumpy bumpy IgG, IgM, C3

subepi IC deposits

resolve spontaneously

anti-DNase B titers and low complement

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12
Q

RPGN

A

crescentic

fibrin and plasma proteins (C3b)
poor prognosis

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13
Q

goodpasture

A

type II hypersensitivity
anti-GBM Abs - linear deposits

nephritic syndrome

progress - RPGN type I

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14
Q

granulomatosis with polyangiitis

A

wegener

PR3-ANCA

cANCA

can lead to RPGN

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15
Q

microscopic polyangiitis

A

MPO-ANCA

pANCA

can lead to RPGN

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16
Q

DPGN

A

with SLE or MPGN

wire looping caps
subendo and intramembrane IgG ICs

IF - granular

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17
Q

IgA nephropathy

A

berger disease

LM - mesangial proliferation
EM - mesangial IC deposits
IF - IgA IC deposits in mesangium

renal path of HSP

18
Q

alport syndrome

A

type IV collagen

thin and split BM

most common X-linked

get eye problems, glomerulonephritis, sensorineural deafness

19
Q

can’t see, can’t pee, can’t hear a buzzing bee

A

alport syndrome

get glomerulonephritis
retinopathy and lens dislocation

due to type IV collagen mutation

20
Q

MPGN

A

type I - subendo deposits - tram track
-association hep B and C

type II - intramembranous - dense deposits
-association C3 nephritic factor - stabilize C3 convertase

21
Q

FSGS

A

segmental sclerosis and hyalinosis

focal deposits IgM, C3, and C1

effacement of foot processes

in AAs and hispanics
HIV, sickle cell, heroin abuse, massive obesity, IFN tx

22
Q

liphoid nephrosis

A

minimal change disease

effacement of foot processes - electron microscopy

normal glomeruli on light microscopy and IF

in children
excellent response to corticosteroids

23
Q

membranous nephropathy

A

LM - diffuse cap and GBM thickening
IF - granular deposits IC
EM - spike and dome appearance - subepi deposits

poor response to steroids
may progress chronic renal disease

24
Q

kimmelstein wilson nodules

A

nonenzymatic glycosylation of GBM

pink diffuse mesangial deposition

25
Q

ethylene glycol

A

oxalate crystals

26
Q

coffin lid shape

A

ammonium Mg phosphate

27
Q

struvite stone

A

ammonium Mg P
-infection - urease positive bug

hydrolyze urea to ammonium

staghorn calculi

stones - radiopaque

28
Q

uric acid stones

A

precipitate at acid pH

radiolucent - don’t see on Xray

tx alkaline urine and allopurinoll

29
Q

calcium stone

A

Ca-P - precipitate at high pH

Ca-oxalate - precipitate at low pH

30
Q

tx calcium stones

A

hydration
thiazides
citrate

31
Q

hexagonal stone

A

cystine

precipitate at low pH

auto recessive
-cystine reabsorbing PCT transporter lose function

often in children
can form staghorn

32
Q

DDx cystine stone

A

sodium CN nitroprusside test

33
Q

tx of cystine stone

A

low pH

34
Q

elevated serum Cr with hydronephrosis

A

only if B/L or pt with one kidney

35
Q

renal cell carcinoma

A

from PCT cells

polygonal clear cells

MC - men - 50-70yo
MC primary renal malignancy

with paraneoplastic syndromes - EPO, ACTH, PTHrP

36
Q

renal cell carcinoma genetic

A

with VHL - chromosome 3

37
Q

tx renal cell carcinoma

A

resection localized disease

resistant to chemo or radiation

38
Q

spread of renal cell carcinoma

A

invade renal vein - then IVC - spread hematogenous

mets to lung and bone

39
Q

renal oncocytoma

A

B9 - epithelial cell tumor

large eisinophilic cell abundant mitochondria

painless hematuria, flank pain, abdominal mass

resect to exclude malignancy

40
Q

wilms tumor

A

nephroblastoma

MC renal malignancy early childhood - age 2-4 yo

large palpable unilateral flank mass

LOF mutation - WT1 or WT2 - CH 11

41
Q

beckwith wiedemann syndrome

A

wilms
macroglossia
organomegaly
hemihypertrophy

42
Q

WAGR complex

A

wilms tumor
aniridia
GU malformation
mental Retardation

Board Review - C - Renal (4 decks)

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