Renal Hormones

Question 1

juxtaglomerular apparatus (general and components)

Answer 1

Distal tubule in v close proximity to glomerulus.

Macula densa and juxtaglomerular cells

Question 2

macula densa

Answer 2

Senses concentration of solute in fluid flow (mainly Na conc)

Question 3

ADH

Answer 3

secreted in response to high PLASMA OSMOLARITY.

Increases water reabsorption

Question 4

diabetes insipidus

Answer 4

Fail to make/secrete ADH, or principal cells fail to respond to ADH.
Large volume of urine (up to 18L per day).
Must drink tons of water to compensate.

Question 5

Na+ excretion responds to ________

Answer 5

Na+ excretion responds to VOLUME

Question 6

water excretion responds primarily to __________

Answer 6

water excretion responds primarily to plasma osmolality

Question 7

sympathetic nerve activity

stimulated by, effect

Answer 7

STIMULATED BY:
volume contraction

EFFECT:
Increased renin
Decreased GFR
Increased Na+ reabsorption in PCT

Question 8

renin/angiotensin

stimulated by, effect

Answer 8

STIMULATED BY:
Increased sympathetic nerve activity.
Decreased afferent arteriole pressure.
Decreased GFR.

EFFECT:
Increase BP
Increase Na reabsorption in PCT
Increase secretion of aldosterone/ADH

Question 9

aldosterone

stimulated by, effect

Answer 9

STIMULATED BY:
Increased angiotensin II.
Increased [K+] in plasma

EFFECT:
Increased Na reabsorption in CD.
Increased K secretion in CD

Question 10

ADH

stimulated by, effect

Answer 10

STIMULATED BY:
Increased plasma osmolarity.
Volume contraction.
Angiotensin II.

EFFECT:
Increased water reabsorption in CD

Question 11

ANP - Atrial Natriuretic Peptide

stimulated by, effect

Answer 11

STIMULATED BY:
volume expansion

EFFECT:
Increased GFR.
Decreased renin/aldosterone/ADH.
Decreased Na reabsorption in CD

Question 12

response to volume contraction

Answer 12

Increase sympathetic activity (^renin,

Question 13

K+ secretion by principal cells

Answer 13

Controlled by aldosterone (secreted in response to high [K+]).

More K+ channels open on apical side, allowing K+ to flow out into filtrate.

Increased activity of Na/K ATPase on basolateral side: more K+ pumped in = more K+ flowing out on apical side)

Increased activity of Na+ channels on apical side: positive in balances the positive out

Question 14

Ca++ reabsorption by late distal tubule and CD

Answer 14

Apical Ca channels
Basolateral Ca-ATPase
Basolateral Na/Ca exchanger

*only transcellular uptake in collecting duct are regulated

Question 15

Ca++ uptake by PT and thick ascending loop of henle

Answer 15

Apical Ca channels
Basolateral Ca-ATPase
Basolateral Na/Ca exchanger

AND

paracellular uptake of Ca (via luminal positive transepithelial potential)

Question 16

Hypocalcemia

Answer 16

Calcitriol secretion = Ca2+ reabsorption in gut and by late distal tubule/CD.

Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) secretion = increased bone resorption and Ca2+ reabsorption by late distal tubule/collecting duct.

Question 17

Hypercalcemia

Answer 17

Calcitonin secretion = Bone formation (decreases [Ca2+] plasma).