Pharm

Question 1

lower intravascular volume (so lower BP)

Answer 1

diuretics

Question 2

loop diuretics

Answer 2

very potent
good for heart issues (CHF)
BAD for chronic HTN
cause hypOkalemia, hypOchloremia, met alkalosis

Question 3

thiazide diuretics

Answer 3

lower potency

good for essential HTN

Question 4

K sparing diuretics

Answer 4

block Aldo receptors
lower potency
good for combo

Question 5

which drugs cause risk of gout

Answer 5

thiazide diuretics
loop diuretics

(both inc reabsorption of uric acid)

Question 6

venous tone reducers

Answer 6

nitric oxide derivatives
dihydropyridine CCB

dilate veins, inc venous capacitance, reduce pre-load

Question 7

HR reducers

Answer 7

B-blockers

non-dihydropyridine CCB

Question 8

which meds MUST be started after MI

Answer 8

B-blocker (suppresses lethal arythmias)

Question 9

drugs influencing SVR (affecting SNS)

Answer 9

• alpha-2 agonists (central)

- alpha-1 blockers (peripheral)

Question 10

drugs disrupting humoral vasoconstricors

Answer 10

• direct renin inhibitors
• ACE inhib
• ARB blockers

all will dec GFR and dec K+ secretion (hypERkalemia)

Question 11

direct vasodilators

reduce venous tone AND dilate arterioles

Answer 11

nitric oxide derivatives

dihydropyridine CCB

Question 12

proteinuria

Answer 12

indication for RAAS blockers + lowering BP to <130/80 to slow CKD progression

Question 13

drugs interfering with RAAS

Answer 13

inc K+

Question 14

which two drugs have greater bp lowering effect in Afr Amer

Answer 14

Ca blockers

diuretics

Question 15

dilate arterioles CENTRALLY and dec SVR

Answer 15

alpha 2 agonists

Question 16

nitrates

Answer 16

inc venous capacitance and cardiac filling

Question 17

first line anti hypertensive in uncomplicated HTN

Answer 17

thiazide diuretics

Question 18

second line in uncomplicated HTN

Answer 18

ACEi and ARB

Question 19

mortality advantage in post-MI

Answer 19

beta blockers and ACEi

Question 20

profound benefitt in patients w/ systolic dysfunction

Answer 20

blockade of RAAS

Question 21

tx of diastolic dysfunciton

Answer 21

Ca chan blocckers

Question 22

Nitrates MOA

Answer 22

increase [cGMP] promoting smooth muscle relaxation

Question 23

Ca blocker MOA

Answer 23

block Ca entry into cell → MLCK not activated → prevent contraction

Question 24

CO=HR * SV

fx of SV

Answer 24

SV is affected by pre-load (cardiac filling) and myocardial contractility (strength)

Question 25

pre load is det by

Answer 25

intravascular vol and venous capacitance

Question 26

BB MOA

Answer 26

block B1 receptor → less Ca enters SA node → decrease HR

Question 27

Ca Blockers MOA

Answer 27

block Ca entry into SA node directly → decrease HR

Question 28

BB

AEs

Answer 28

fatigue, reduced exercise tolerance, impotence

Question 29

SVR is det by

Answer 29

SNS (central +peripheral)

hormonal agents (RAA)

arterial vascular tone

Question 30

relax arterioles PERIPHERALLY

Answer 30

alpha-1 blockers

Question 31

side effects of SNS blockade

Answer 31

postural hypOtension, dry mouth, fatigue