Renal hopefully simple Flashcards
To learn the very basics
What is this presentation:
pain in suprapubic area especially when passing urine
frequency
smelly urine
UTI
What investigations for UTI
How to treat a UTI
presentation of UTI in the very young or very old?
very young = failure to thrive
very old = incontinence, off their feet, confused
what percentage of cardiac output is renal blood flow
25% ish
In a mid stream culture of urine, what number of bacteria usually demonstrates infection?
ten to the power of five bacteria per milliliter
borderline 3/4
What flora usually causes UTI?
Usually gut flora, often E Coli
definition of cystitis
bladder wall inflammation
acute pyelonephritis =
inflammation of kidney
there are neutrophils in the kidney tubules and they’re eating bacteria in the tubules
After obstruction at level of ureter: what does bilateral hydro-ureter and hydro-nephrosis lead to?
chronic renal failure
what’s hydronephrosis
dilated calyces
vesocoureteric reflux you can be born with. whats happening in it?
Well, the ureter enters the bladder almost at a right angle, so there may be urine fluxing backwards.
why is infection more common in people with spinal cord or brain injury?
Because of loss of sensory neurons = don’t urinate straight away, = stasis of urine
how can calculi lead to high blood pressure?
obstructino leads to static urine leads to hydronephriitis leads to damage leads to hypertension and thus chronic renal failure
what are mesangial cells?
tree like cells that support capillaries