ENT Flashcards
Blatchford bleeding score is for what
Calculating Upper GI bleeding risk
Both corneal ulcers and corneal abrasions have the same symptoms, except an ulcer goes deeper/ is an open sore and therefore abrasions are much much milder in comparison. What are the symptoms?
Pain
Photophobia
Visual acuity
Meaning of this discharge:
Purulent
Vs
Watery/clear
Purulent = bacterial infection
Watery/clear = viral infection
What is a corneal ulcer?
Open sore of infection / ulcer of the cornea
Investigation for corneal ulcer
Causes green uptake at epithelial damage/defect following fluorescent drops under cobalt blue light
Treat corneal ulcer how? (2)
Based on infection:
Antivirals
Antibiotics
Antifungals
Also treat systemic symptoms with what?
Antiemetics
Analgesia- topical or oral
Complication of corneal ulcer?
Complete vision loss
What’s keratitis?
Inflammation of the cornea
Common in contact lens wearer
Why vision loss in glaucoma?
Optic nerve becomes damaged due to fluid build up, leading to pressure build up
What does aqueous humour do?
Provide nutrients to the cornea
Where does the aqueous humour travel in bullet points, from the posterior chamber and around the iris?
1) anterior chamber
2) trabecular meshwork
3) canal of schlemm
First line treatment for glaucoma?
Prostaglandin analogue eye drops like latanoprost
Which increases outflow of aqueous humour
Why might you give beta blockers in glaucoma?
They reduce production of aqueous humour
What surgery for glaucoma if all else fails?
Trabeculectomy surgery
How does glaucoma present?
Severely painful red eye
Halos around lights
Also associated with headache and nausea
Looks red, feels hard, can’t really see
First thing to do for someone with acute glaucoma?
Lie them down with no pillow
First med pre hospital to give for glaucoma?
Pilocarpine eye drops (muscarininc receptor) that causes pupil to constrict for more space)
What’s uveitis?
Inflammation of the uvea of the eye
What is the uvea made of (3)
Iris
Ciliary body
Choroid
What does uveitis occur? / why would your uvea of the eye, become inflamed.
Usually autoimmune
But
Can also be: trauma and infection
Symptoms of uveitis?
Red
Pain
Photophobia
And
Excessive lacrimation
Risk factors for uveitis? And give example
Anything inflammatory
Arthritis, sarcoidosis, IBD
How to treat uveitis? (2)
Steroid eye drops
And
Cycloplegics
What do cycloplegics do?
Act on ciliary muscles- paralyses them, dilates pupil