Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pharmacology > Renal/GU/F&E Drugs > Flashcards

Renal/GU/F&E Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Oxybutynin class

A

antispasmodics/anticholinergics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Oxybutynin MoA

A

relax smooth muscle bladder; inhibits effects of acetylcholine (blocks PNS)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Oxybutynin indications

A

bladder spasm, overactive bladder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Oxybutynin route/dose

A

oral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Oxybutynin contraindications

A

GI obstruction, obstructive urinary tract problems (BPH), myasthenia gravis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Oxybutynin drug/drug

A

MANY; check drug reference before admin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Oxybutynin AE

A

related to blocking PNS; drowsiness, dizziness, blurred vision, tachycardia, dry mouth, nausea, urinary hesitancy, constipation, decreased sweating

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Oxybutynin nursing considerations

A

assess urinary patterns, AE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

renal functions

A

maintenance of volume and composition of body fluids (sodium regulation), blood pressure control (RAAS), regulation of red blood cell production (erythropoietin), regulation acid-base, electrolyte stability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

diuretics general overview

A

MoA: act on kidneys to increase urine output
Indications: HTN, fluid overload/edema (HF, pulmonary edema, kidney/liver failure), glaucoma (decrease intra-occular pressure) hyper-kalemia (remove excess K)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

diuretics general AE

A

GI effects: n/v/d
hypotension
dehydration (fluid volume deficit)
fluid and electrolyte disturbances- sodium and potassium
fluid rebound

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

fluid rebound

A

occurs with patients on diuretics do not take in adequate water (decrease fluid intake to decrease trips to the bathroom)
results in concentrated plasma of smaller volume
decreases volume is sensed by nephrons, which activates RAAs cycle
concentrated blood is sensed by osmotic center in brain, ADH is released to hold water and dilute the blood
results in rebound edema as fluid is retained

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

diuretics general contraindications

A

pregnancy/lactation, severe renal failure, hypotension, dehydration, drug-drug: Digoxin (increased potassium loss), Anticoags, anti-diabetic drugs (reduced effectiveness) and lithium (increased risk of toxicity)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) class

A

thiazide diuretics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) MoA

A

inhibits reabsorption of NaCl in distal tubule kidneys; remains in tubule for excretion (water follows Na)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) indications

A

first line treatment for HTN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) route/dose

A

oral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) contraindications

A

allergy to sulfa drugs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) AE

A

see general and photosensitivity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) Nursing considerations

A

see general; use sunscreen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Furosemide (Lasix) class

A

loop diuretics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Furosemide (Lasix) MoA

A

inhibits reabsorption of NaCl in loop of Henle which causes a greater degree of diuresis than other diuretics (water follows Na)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Furosemide (Lasix) indications

A

conditions of fluid overload; hyperkalemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Furosemide (Lasix) route/dose

A

oral, IVP (slow 20mg/min); may be given IM or as IV gtts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Furosemide (Lasix) contraindications

A

see general; ototoxic drugs; sulfa allergy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Furosemide (Lasix) AE

A

see general; hypokalemia; CNS effects: paresthesia, ototoxicity (IVP slowly)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Furosemide (Lasix) Nursing considerations

A

see general; potassium supplements; IV fall risk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Spironolactone class

A

Potassium sparing diuretic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Spironolactone MoA

A

aldosterone antagonist; blocks action of aldosterone in the distal tubule; loss of Na and retention of K

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Spironolactone Indications

A

conditions of fluid overload (CHF and liver disease)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Spironolactone route/dose

A

oral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Spironolactone contraindications

A

see general

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Spironolactone AE

A

hyperkalemia (weakness, cardiac arrhythmias, n/v/d); photosensitivity; androgen effects; impotence, hirsutism, irregular menses, gynecomastia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Spironolactone nursing considerations

A

see general: exceptions: monitor for high K, teach to avoid high K foods, use sunscreen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Mannitol class

A

osmotic diuretics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Mannitol MoA

A

increases osmolarity of glomerular filtrate (sugar molecule); inhibits reabsorption of water and electrolytes and increases urinary output; profound and rapid diuresis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Mannitol indications

A

reduce intracranial pressure of cerebral edema

38
Q

Mannitol route/dose

A

IV only

39
Q

Mannitol contraindications

A

can worsen edema; used with caution; pulm. edema, renal failure, CHF, stroke… exacerbated by the large shifts in fluid

40
Q

Mannitol AE

A

hypovolemia (hypotension, light headedness, confusion, headache, electrolyte imbalance… cardiac decompensation and shock)

41
Q

Mannitol nursing considerations

A

see general; monitor VS closely

42
Q

Nursing assess and monitor

A

H&P: allergies, contraindications, kidney function
VS (hypotension=poor perfusion); rapid weight gain or loss (fluid balance)
I&O fluid overload and dehydration
Labs: decreased potassium (except K sparing), decreased sodium

43
Q

nursing teaching

A

weigh daily on same scale, clothes, and time of day, monitor BP, take potassium supplements or avoid potassium as ordered, maintain fluid intake to prevent fluid rebound or dehydration, teach s/s of fluid loss and aggravating factors (d/v/excessive heat and sweating), take diuretics in AM, change positions slowly, AE and when to notify PCP

44
Q

Compartments of Fluid in the Body

A

Continuous exchange across SPM;
intracellular: 70%
extracellular: 30%
- intravascular
- interstitial fluids

45
Q

osmolarity

A

measure of solute concentration “pulling power”
solutes that determine osmolarity: sodium, glucose, urea
275-295 mOsm/kg

46
Q

tonicity

A

ability of solution to cause change in water movement across membrane due to osmosis
reference point
plasma is isotonic- remains in intravascular space

47
Q

isotonic

A

same concentration of particles as plasma
stays in intravascular space

48
Q

hypertonic

A

greater concentration than plasma
water will move out of cells into solution (shrink)

49
Q

hypotonic

A

lesser concentration than plasma
fluid moves from extracellular compartments into cells (swell)

50
Q

H&H for fluid imbalance

A

increase: fluid volume deficit
decrease: fluid overload- massive blood loss

51
Q

BUN for fluid imbalance (8-20 mg/dL)

A

increase: dehydration or impaired renal function
decrease: fluid overload

52
Q

creatinine (0.6-1.2 mg/dL)

A

increase: renal failure

53
Q

specific gravity (1.010-1.025)

A

increase: dehydration
decrease: fluid overload

54
Q

infusions increase total fluid volume but…

A

compartment most expanded depends on solute (sodium) concentration
Isotonic: Normal Saline 0.9% NaCl
Hypertonic: 10% dextrose (D10W); 3% NaCl
Hypotonic: 0.45% NaCl (1/2 strength saline)

55
Q

Isotonic IV Fluids

A

expands vascular fluid volume with no shifts in compartments

56
Q

Isotonic IV Fluids uses

A

isotonic fluid volume deficient (hydration)
expands volume ECF to correct hypotension

57
Q

Isotonic IV Fluids AE

A

fluid overload

58
Q

Isotonic IV Fluids examples

A

Normal Saline 0.9% NaCl
Lactated Ringers (LR)
5% dextrose in water (D5W)

59
Q

hypertonic IV fluids

A

expands plasma volume by drawing water away from cells and tissues

60
Q

hypertonic IV fluids uses

A

hyponatremia
cerebral edema

61
Q

hypertonic IV fluids AE

A

excessive expansions of intravascular compartment (plasma); fluid overload and hypertension

62
Q

hypertonic IV fluids examples

A

3% normal saline
10% dextrose in water (or any greater than 10%)
D5W in 0.9% NaCl
D5W in 0.45% NaCl (the dextrose is rapidly metabolized and fluid becomes hypotonic)

63
Q

hypotonic IV fluids

A

water moves out of vascular space to cells (ICF)

64
Q

hypotonic IV fluids uses

A

hypernatremia and cellular dehydration

65
Q

hypotonic IV fluids AE

A

depletion of intravascular compartment and consequential hypotension
too much expansion of intracellular compartment (peripheral edema)

66
Q

hypotonic IV fluids example

A

0.45% NaCl (1/2NS)

67
Q

IV Colloids

A

molecules too large to easily cross capillary membrane; stay in intravascular space &rapidly expand plasma volume; draw water from intracellular fluid and interstitial spaces into plasma; increase osmotic pressure

68
Q

IV Colloids examples

A

5% albumin (trauma blood loss, ascites cirrhosis of liver)
dextran 40 in NS
dextran 40 in D5W

69
Q

Sodium reference range

A

135-145 mEq/L

70
Q

Potassium reference range

A

3.5-5.5 mEq/L

71
Q

Calcium reference range

A

8.5-10.5 mg/dL

72
Q

Magnesium reference range

A

1.5-2.5 mEq/L

73
Q

Chloride reference range

A

97-107 mEq/L

74
Q

Bicarbonate reference range

A

25-29 mEq/L

75
Q

Phosphate reference range

A

1.8-2.6 mEq/L

76
Q

Potassium chloride class

A

electrolyte replacement

77
Q

Potassium chloride MoA

A

transmission of nerve impulses, cardiac contraction, renal function, intracellular ion maintenance

78
Q

Potassium chloride indication

A

prevention and treatment of hypokalemia

79
Q

Potassium chloride route

A

PO, IV

80
Q

Potassium chloride AE

A

hyperkalemia, n/v/d, GI cramping, bradycardia, cardiac arrest

81
Q

Potassium chloride nursing considerations

A

utilize electrolyte replacement protocol: oral admin preferred; follow dosing and lab draw times
throughout admin monitor for: cardiac abnormalities and vein phlebitis
teach patient: increase intake of high K= foods, do not break, crush, or chew ER caps or enteric capsules; report burning sensation at IV site

82
Q

Potassium Administration Oral

A

do not break, crush, or chew ER caps or enteric capsules. With or after meals with full glass of water. Dissolve effervescent tabs in 8 oz cold water

83
Q

Potassium Administration IV infusion

A

central line preferred- caustic to veins
admin rate- 10mEq/hour
Monitor IV site- phlebitis
Do not admin SQ or IM

84
Q

Sodium polystyrene sulfonate (Kayexalate) class

A

potassium exchange resin

85
Q

Sodium polystyrene sulfonate (Kayexalate) MoA

A

increases potassium excretion in intestines (exchange for sodium)

86
Q

Sodium polystyrene sulfonate (Kayexalate) indication

A

hyperkalemia

87
Q

Sodium polystyrene sulfonate (Kayexalate) route

A

oral or enema

88
Q

Sodium polystyrene sulfonate (Kayexalate) contraindications

A

abnormal bowel function; constipation

89
Q

Sodium polystyrene sulfonate (Kayexalate) Warning

A

GI bleeding, ischemic colitis, bowel perforation

90
Q

Sodium polystyrene sulfonate (Kayexalate) AE

A

hypernatremia, hyperkalemia, n/v

91
Q

Sodium polystyrene sulfonate (Kayexalate) nursing considerations

A

monitor electrolytes closely

92
Q

Nursing Considerations for Fluid and Electrolytes

A

H&P
Monitor: fluid volume; HR, BP, heart , lungs
fluid intake and output (urine 30mL/hr)
daily weights (gain and loss)
laboratory studies

Pharmacology (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions