Renal Glomerulonephritis

Question 1

what does non proliferative effect?

Answer 1

podocytes

Question 2

what does podocyte damage cause in the urine?

Answer 2

protein

Question 3

for nephrotic syndrome, what does the protein need to be over?

Answer 3

3.5

Question 4

commonest in children?

Answer 4

minimal change

Question 5

biopsy of minimal change?

Answer 5

podocyte foot process fusion on EM

Question 6

treatment of minimal change?

Answer 6

steroids and cyclophosphamide

Question 7

can minimal change result in renal failure?

Answer 7

no

Question 8

commonest in adults?

Answer 8

focal segmented

Question 9

what can cause focal segmented?

Answer 9

HIV
heroin use
obesity
reflux nephropathy

Question 10

what does the biopsy in focal segmented show?

Answer 10

segmental glomerulosclerosis (progresses to global) on LM

Question 11

presentation of focal segmented?

Answer 11

massive proteinuria - frothy urine
haematuria
HT
renal impairment

Question 12

treatment of focal segmented?

Answer 12

steroids and cyclophosphamide

Question 13

can you get renal failure form focal segmented?

Answer 13

50% go on to have RF

Question 14

second commonest in adults?

Answer 14

membranous nephropathy

Question 15

causes of membranous nephropathy?

Answer 15

hep B
CTD
Malignancy
gold/penicillin

Question 16

biopsy of membranous nephropathy?

Answer 16

thickened basement membrane

‘spike and dome appearance’ on IF

Question 17

treatment of membranous nephropathy?

Answer 17

steroids
alkylating agents
B cell monoclonal ABs
cyclophosphamide

Question 18

can you get renal failure in membranous nephropathy?

Answer 18

yes, 1/3rd go on to get

Question 19

features of nephrotic syndrome

Answer 19

hypoalbuminaemia
proteinuria >3.5
oedema
hypercholesterolaemia
prothrombogenic 
normal/altered BP and GFR

Question 20

what one causes macroscopic haematuria after a resp/GI infection?

Answer 20

IgA nephropathy

Question 21

associated with IgA nephropathy?

Answer 21

Henoch Schonlein Purpura

Question 22

biopsy of IgA nephropathy?

Answer 22

mesangial cell proliferation and expansion on LM

IgA deposits on IF

Question 23

treatment of IgA nephropathy?

Answer 23

BP control and fish oil

Question 24

can you get renal failure after IgA nephropathy?

Answer 24

yes, 1/3rd go on to

Question 25

what cells does a proliferative process effect?

Answer 25

endothelial

Question 26

what does endothelial cell damage cause?

Answer 26

haematuria

Question 27

what does GBM damage cause?

Answer 27

blood

Question 28

features of nephritic syndrome?

Answer 28

haematuria
acute renal failure
increased BP

Question 29

what can occur weeks after a URTI or strep infection?

Answer 29

post strep glomerulonephritis

Question 30

what strep usually causes post strep glomerulonephritis?

Answer 30

strep pyogenes

Question 31

treatment of post strep glomerulonephritis?

Answer 31

supportive

resolves over 2-4weeks

Question 32

if there is RBC and RBC granular casts in the urine, what would you expect?

Answer 32

rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis

Question 33

what is an ANCA negative rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis?

Answer 33

goodpasture’s

Question 34

what does the biospy in goodpasture’s show?

Answer 34

linear IgG deposits against BM (type 4 collagen)

Question 35

features of goodpasture’s?

Answer 35

haemoptysis
haematuria
pulmonary shadows on CXR

Question 36

treatment of goodpasture’s?

Answer 36

steroids

Question 37

pANCA positive rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis?

Answer 37

microscopic polyangitis

Question 38

cANCA positive rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis?

Answer 38

GPA

Question 39

what does GPA present with?

Answer 39

saddle nose

ENT problems

Question 40

ANCA positive rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis?

Answer 40

eGPA

Question 41

what does GPA show on biopsy?

Answer 41

epithelial crescents in bowman’s capsule