Diabetes Drugs

Question 1

examples of sulphonylureas?

Answer 1

gliclazide
glipizide
glibenclamide

Question 2

how to sulphonylureas work?

Answer 2

bind to SUR1, close K channel

increase insulin

Question 3

what do sulphonylureas cause?

Answer 3

decrease HbA1c

prevent microvascular comps

Question 4

side effects of sulphonylureas?

Answer 4

hypos
weight gain
GI upset
headche

Question 5

when do you avoid sulphonylureas?

Answer 5

renal/hepatic failure

Question 6

when are sulphonylureas first line?

Answer 6

if underweight

Question 7

what are incretins? example?

Answer 7

GLP-1 receptor agonists

exanatide

Question 8

what do incretins cause?

Answer 8

weight loss

decreased hepatic fat accumulation

Question 9

side effects of incretins?

Answer 9

nausea
hypos
pancreatitis

Question 10

examples of DPP-4 inhibitors?

Answer 10

sitagliptin

Question 11

what do DPP-4 inhibitors cause?

Answer 11

no hypos

no affect on wt

Question 12

example of biguanides?

Answer 12

metformin

Question 13

what do biguanides cause?

Answer 13

decreased HbA1C
wt loss
prevents micro and macro vascular comps
minor BP decrease

Question 14

are biguanides safe in pregnancy?

Answer 14

yes

Question 15

side effects of biguanides?

Answer 15

GI upset
lactic acidosis
rash

Question 16

when should biguanides be avoided?

Answer 16

renal or hepatic failure

EGFR <60 reduce, <30 STOP

Question 17

examples of thiazolidinones?

Answer 17

pioglitazone

Question 18

what do thiazolidinones cause?

Answer 18

decrease HbA1C
prevent macrovascular comps
fatty acid uptake and storage
decrease hepatic glucose output

Question 19

side effects of thiazolidinones?

Answer 19

wt gain
fluid retention
hepatotoxic
increased risk of #

Question 20

who should not use thiazolidinones?

Answer 20

over 65s

HF patients

Question 21

examples of SGLT2 inhibitors?

Answer 21

dapagliflozin

canagliflozin

Question 22

what do SGLT2 inhibitors cause?

Answer 22

calories and water loss

Question 23

side effects of SGLT2 inhibitors?

Answer 23

thrush
UTIs
bp drop if works too quickly

Question 24

pathway of T2DM treatment

Answer 24

metformin
\+ DPP-4/pioglitazone/SU
metformin, DPP-4, SU OR metformin, pioglitazone, SU
insulin
metformin, SU, GLP-1