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AUBF > Renal function + intro to urinalysis > Flashcards

Renal function + intro to urinalysis Flashcards

1
Q

function of cortical nephron

A

removal of waste

reabsorption of nutrients

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2
Q

function of juxtamedullary nephron

A

concentration of urine

reabsorption of substances

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3
Q

3 main processes of urine formation

A

filtration - glomerulus
reabsorption - renal tubular system
secretion - renal tubular system

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4
Q

act as non-selective filter

A

glomerulus

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5
Q

where do hydrostatic pressure happen?

A

efferent arteriole

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6
Q

substances reabsorb by pct via active and passive transport

A

active: glucose, Na+, amino acid
passive: H2O, urea

++ Cl- and K+

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7
Q

renal threshold ranges from __

A

160-180 mg/dL

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8
Q

the level of renal threshold wherein glucose will start to appear in urine

A

> 180 mg/dL

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9
Q

only part of nephron that does not absorb water

A

ASCENDING LH

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10
Q

renal tubule that control the retention of water and where the renal concentration happen

A

Loop of henle

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11
Q

this is where the final concentration of urinary filtrate begins

A

DCT

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12
Q

it regulates the pH by secreting hyrogen

a. PCT
B. DCT
C. LH

A

DCT

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13
Q

DCT is controlled by what hormones?

A

aldosterone

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14
Q

aldosterone ↑ reabsorption of ___ and secretion of ___

A

sodium (Na+)

potassium (K+)

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15
Q

higher ADH = ___ urine concentration = ____ water loss

a. increase
b. decrease

A

higher ADH = ↑ urine concentration = ↓ water loss

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16
Q

the cell in DCT that senses the changes of BP/ renal arterial pressure

A

MACULA DENSA CELLS - in DCT

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17
Q

the cell un afferent arteriole that produce renin in response to changes in plasma NA+ concentration

A

juxtaglomerular cell - in AFFERENT

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18
Q

renal tubule with selective reabsorption

A

PCT

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19
Q

a polymer of fructose

A

INSULIN

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20
Q

reference method but SELDOM the method of choice unlike creatine

A

INSULIN

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21
Q

it is neither reabsorbed nor secreted by tubules

A

INSULIN

22
Q

1st function affected by renal disease and earlier than GFR

A

loss of tubular reabsorption

23
Q

2 earliest tubular reabsorption test

A

fishberg

mosenthal

24
Q

in this method, patients were deprived of fluid for 24 hrs prior measuring SG

A

Fishberg

25
Q

this method compares the volume of SG of day and night urine sample

A

MOSENTHAL

26
Q

this component has no importance to osmolarity

A

UREA

27
Q

lactic acid will be _____ if serum sample are not separated or refrigerated within

a. not affected
b. falsely increased
c. falsely decreased

A

FALSELY INCREASED (both FP & VP)

28
Q

effect of ethanol to vapor pressure

a. not affected
b. falsely increased
c. falsely decreased

A

not affected

29
Q

effect of ethanol to freezing point

a. not affected
b. increased
c. decreased

A

increased

30
Q

What are the major inorganic dissolved solid?

A

Chloride (Cl-)
Sodium (Na+)
Potassium (K+)

31
Q

major organic components are:

A

urea
creatinine
uric acid

32
Q

majority of the total dissolved solids in urine is the ___

A

urea (primary organic component)

33
Q

an organic component which commonly seen in kidney stone and is derived from catabolism of nucleic acid

A

uric acid

34
Q

an organic component that is associated with high-vegetable diets

A

hippuric acid

35
Q

what are the other inorganic components combined with POTASSIUM

A

chloride, sulfide, phosphate, salt

36
Q

Inorganic compound derived from glutamine in kidneys and metabolism of protein

A

AMMONIUM

37
Q

In 1627, he wrote a book about charlatans (pisse prophets) which inspired the passing of the first medical licensure law in England

A

Thomas Bryant

38
Q

Who discovered albuminuria by boiling urine

A

Frederik Dekker (1694)

39
Q

Timed collection for addis count

A

12-hour collection

40
Q

Timed collection for nitrite determination

A

4-hour collection

41
Q

24 hour collection is for

A. Urobilinogen
B. Quantitative Chemical tests
C.Nitrite determination
D. Addis count

A

B. Quantitative Chemical tests

42
Q

Type of urine optimum for preservation of casts and cells

A

FIRST MORNING

43
Q

Most concentrated and most acidic type of specimen

A

FIRST MORNING

44
Q

Afternoon specimen is for detection of ___

A

Urobilinogen

45
Q

Affected analyte when there are Bacterial growth and precipitation of amorphous material

A

CLARITY

46
Q

Affected analyte when there are Volatilization and bacterial metabolism

A

KETONE

47
Q

How many hour does refrigeration prevent bacterial growth

A

24 hours

48
Q

It Preserves glucose and sediments well

A

Thymol

49
Q

Is bacteriostatic at 18 g/L; can be used for culture transports

A

Boric acid

50
Q

An excellent sediment preservative

A

FORMALIN

51
Q

Preservative that may be used instead of reagent sodium fluoride

A

Sodium benzoate

52
Q

It does not interfere routine test but can change odor

A

Phenol

AUBF (5 decks)

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