Renal function + intro to urinalysis

Question 1

function of cortical nephron

Answer 1

removal of waste

reabsorption of nutrients

Question 2

function of juxtamedullary nephron

Answer 2

concentration of urine

reabsorption of substances

Question 3

3 main processes of urine formation

Answer 3

filtration - glomerulus
reabsorption - renal tubular system
secretion - renal tubular system

Question 4

act as non-selective filter

Answer 4

glomerulus

Question 5

where do hydrostatic pressure happen?

Answer 5

efferent arteriole

Question 6

substances reabsorb by pct via active and passive transport

Answer 6

active: glucose, Na+, amino acid
passive: H2O, urea

++ Cl- and K+

Question 7

renal threshold ranges from __

Answer 7

160-180 mg/dL

Question 8

the level of renal threshold wherein glucose will start to appear in urine

Answer 8

> 180 mg/dL

Question 9

only part of nephron that does not absorb water

Answer 9

ASCENDING LH

Question 10

renal tubule that control the retention of water and where the renal concentration happen

Answer 10

Loop of henle

Question 11

this is where the final concentration of urinary filtrate begins

Answer 11

DCT

Question 12

it regulates the pH by secreting hyrogen

a. PCT
B. DCT
C. LH

Answer 12

DCT

Question 13

DCT is controlled by what hormones?

Answer 13

aldosterone

Question 14

aldosterone ↑ reabsorption of ___ and secretion of ___

Answer 14

sodium (Na+)

potassium (K+)

Question 15

higher ADH = ___ urine concentration = ____ water loss

a. increase
b. decrease

Answer 15

higher ADH = ↑ urine concentration = ↓ water loss

Question 16

the cell in DCT that senses the changes of BP/ renal arterial pressure

Answer 16

MACULA DENSA CELLS - in DCT

Question 17

the cell un afferent arteriole that produce renin in response to changes in plasma NA+ concentration

Answer 17

juxtaglomerular cell - in AFFERENT

Question 18

renal tubule with selective reabsorption

Answer 18

PCT

Question 19

a polymer of fructose

Answer 19

INSULIN

Question 20

reference method but SELDOM the method of choice unlike creatine

Answer 20

INSULIN

Question 21

it is neither reabsorbed nor secreted by tubules

Answer 21

INSULIN

Question 22

1st function affected by renal disease and earlier than GFR

Answer 22

loss of tubular reabsorption

Question 23

2 earliest tubular reabsorption test

Answer 23

fishberg

mosenthal

Question 24

in this method, patients were deprived of fluid for 24 hrs prior measuring SG

Answer 24

Fishberg

Question 25

this method compares the volume of SG of day and night urine sample

Answer 25

MOSENTHAL

Question 26

this component has no importance to osmolarity

Answer 26

UREA

Question 27

lactic acid will be _____ if serum sample are not separated or refrigerated within a. not affected b. falsely increased c. falsely decreased

Answer 27

FALSELY INCREASED (both FP & VP)

Question 28

effect of ethanol to vapor pressure a. not affected b. falsely increased c. falsely decreased

Answer 28

not affected

Question 29

effect of ethanol to freezing point a. not affected b. increased c. decreased

Answer 29

increased

Question 30

What are the major inorganic dissolved solid?

Answer 30

Chloride (Cl-) Sodium (Na+) Potassium (K+)

Question 31

major organic components are:

Answer 31

urea creatinine uric acid

Question 32

majority of the total dissolved solids in urine is the ___

Answer 32

urea (primary organic component)

Question 33

an organic component which commonly seen in kidney stone and is derived from catabolism of nucleic acid

Answer 33

uric acid

Question 34

an organic component that is associated with high-vegetable diets

Answer 34

hippuric acid

Question 35

what are the other inorganic components combined with POTASSIUM

Answer 35

chloride, sulfide, phosphate, salt

Question 36

Inorganic compound derived from glutamine in kidneys and metabolism of protein

Answer 36

AMMONIUM

Question 37

In 1627, he wrote a book about charlatans (pisse prophets) which inspired the passing of the first medical licensure law in England

Answer 37

Thomas Bryant

Question 38

Who discovered albuminuria by boiling urine

Answer 38

Frederik Dekker (1694)

Question 39

Timed collection for addis count

Answer 39

12-hour collection

Question 40

Timed collection for nitrite determination

Answer 40

4-hour collection

Question 41

24 hour collection is for A. Urobilinogen B. Quantitative Chemical tests C.Nitrite determination D. Addis count

Answer 41

B. Quantitative Chemical tests

Question 42

Type of urine optimum for preservation of casts and cells

Answer 42

FIRST MORNING

Question 43

Most concentrated and most acidic type of specimen

Answer 43

FIRST MORNING

Question 44

Afternoon specimen is for detection of ___

Answer 44

Urobilinogen

Question 45

Affected analyte when there are Bacterial growth and precipitation of amorphous material

Answer 45

CLARITY

Question 46

Affected analyte when there are Volatilization and bacterial metabolism

Answer 46

KETONE

Question 47

How many hour does refrigeration prevent bacterial growth

Answer 47

24 hours

Question 48

It Preserves glucose and sediments well

Answer 48

Thymol

Question 49

Is bacteriostatic at 18 g/L; can be used for culture transports

Answer 49

Boric acid

Question 50

An excellent sediment preservative

Answer 50

FORMALIN

Question 51

Preservative that may be used instead of reagent sodium fluoride

Answer 51

Sodium benzoate

Question 52

It does not interfere routine test but can change odor

Answer 52

Phenol