PHYSICAL & CHEMICAL examination

Question 1

reportable parameters in physical examination

Answer 1

color
transparency
specific gravity

Question 2

4 parameter which are the most common for initial diagnosis and correlation

Answer 2

Ph
Protein
Glucose
Specific gravity

Question 3

Ph of old specimen

Answer 3

9.0 (alkaline)

Question 4

Acid and alkaline result in Phenolphthalein

Answer 4

Acid: colorless
Alkaline: pink

Question 5

Acid and alkaline result in Methyl red

Answer 5

Acid: red
Alkaline: yellow

Question 6

Acid and basic result in nitrazine

Answer 6

Acid: yellow
Basic: blue

Question 7

highly elevated protein is an indication of

Answer 7

glomerular damage

Question 8

moderately elevated protein

Answer 8

renal tubular abnormality

Question 9

benje jonce test that filter the preparation immedialtely after boiling which removes the albumin

Answer 9

heat precipitate test

Question 10

this test precipitate bence jones protein even in a small amount

Answer 10

toluene sulfonic acid (TSA)

Question 11

A test that make used concentrated HCl

Answer 11

branshaw method

Question 12

CONFIRMATORY TEST for bence jones !!!!

Answer 12

ELECTROPHORESIS

Question 13

What protein may be associated with severe stress, pregnancy, UTI, glomerular nephritis

Answer 13

ALBUMIN

Question 14

this protein is commonly found in glomerular nephritis

Answer 14

GLOBULIN

Question 15

in this GLUCOSE test, positive reaction is describe as “passing through phenomenon”

Answer 15

CLINITEST

Question 16

in clinitest, what is the color that indicate reduction of copper sulfae to cuprous oxide

Answer 16

blue-green → orange to dark reddish brown

or orange-red

Question 17

reagent of benedict test

Answer 17

alkaline copper sulfate

Question 18

2 reagents of fehling’s test

Answer 18

A: copper sulfate +distilled water
B: Rochelle alt and KOH

Question 19

This glucose test is based on reduction of mental bismuth producing black precipitate (+)

Answer 19

Nylander’s test

Question 20

its principle is based on caramelization of glucose with the aid of heat and a strong alkali

Answer 20

moore heller’s test

Question 21

moore heller’s test
reagent:
(+) result:

Answer 21

10% KOH

formation of canary yellow

Question 22

↑ urine glucose
↑ blood glucose
what are the associated diseases with this condition?
(atleast 4)

Answer 22

diabetic mellitus
Acromegaly
Cushing's syndrome
increased cathecolamines
Pancreatitis or Pancreatic cancer
gestational diabetes

Question 23

atleast 2 disease associated with ↑ urine glucose, normal blood glucose

Answer 23

Fanconi syndrome
Advance renal disease
pregnancy

Question 24

true or false

both sucrose and lactose are reducing agent

Answer 24

false

sucrose not reducing agent (not detected in routine analysis

Question 25

this component is not usually seen in urine but may be present in metabolic disease and patient undergoing therapy

Answer 25

PENTOSE

Question 26

PRODUCT OF FATTY ACID CATABOLISM

Answer 26

ketone

Question 27

predominant ketone bodies

Answer 27

betahydroxybutyric acid (BHB)

Question 28

this ketone bodies is a normal fuel respiration which important source of energy but must be eliminated from lungs

Answer 28

acetoacetic acid/ diacetic acid

Question 29

an indication of positive ketone in reagent strip appear as what color?

Answer 29

purple (acetoacetic acid)

Question 30

the only ketone bodies that indicate positive result in reagent strip

Answer 30

acetoacetic acid/ diacetic acid

Question 31

formation of iodoform crystal is seen in what ketone test?

Answer 31

gunning’s-lugol iodine

Question 32

what notable result can be observed in Frommers test

Answer 32

purplish red RING

Question 33

tablet test for ketone bodies

Answer 33

ACETEST

Question 34

AN INDIRECT method for detection of beta-hydroxybutyric acid

Answer 34

hart’s test/ osternberg’s test

Question 35

Gerhardt’s test is a test for ___

a. acetoacetic acid
b. betahydroxybutyric acid
C. dihydroxyactone acid

Answer 35

dihydroxyactone acid

Question 36

pH of dark brown urine which caused by hemoglobin

acid/ alkaline?

Answer 36

acid