PHYSICAL & CHEMICAL examination Flashcards
reportable parameters in physical examination
color
transparency
specific gravity
4 parameter which are the most common for initial diagnosis and correlation
Ph
Protein
Glucose
Specific gravity
Ph of old specimen
9.0 (alkaline)
Acid and alkaline result in Phenolphthalein
Acid: colorless
Alkaline: pink
Acid and alkaline result in Methyl red
Acid: red
Alkaline: yellow
Acid and basic result in nitrazine
Acid: yellow
Basic: blue
highly elevated protein is an indication of
glomerular damage
moderately elevated protein
renal tubular abnormality
benje jonce test that filter the preparation immedialtely after boiling which removes the albumin
heat precipitate test
this test precipitate bence jones protein even in a small amount
toluene sulfonic acid (TSA)
A test that make used concentrated HCl
branshaw method
CONFIRMATORY TEST for bence jones !!!!
ELECTROPHORESIS
What protein may be associated with severe stress, pregnancy, UTI, glomerular nephritis
ALBUMIN
this protein is commonly found in glomerular nephritis
GLOBULIN
in this GLUCOSE test, positive reaction is describe as “passing through phenomenon”
CLINITEST
in clinitest, what is the color that indicate reduction of copper sulfae to cuprous oxide
blue-green → orange to dark reddish brown
or orange-red
reagent of benedict test
alkaline copper sulfate
2 reagents of fehling’s test
A: copper sulfate +distilled water
B: Rochelle alt and KOH
This glucose test is based on reduction of mental bismuth producing black precipitate (+)
Nylander’s test
its principle is based on caramelization of glucose with the aid of heat and a strong alkali
moore heller’s test
moore heller’s test
reagent:
(+) result:
10% KOH
formation of canary yellow
↑ urine glucose
↑ blood glucose
what are the associated diseases with this condition?
(atleast 4)
diabetic mellitus Acromegaly Cushing's syndrome increased cathecolamines Pancreatitis or Pancreatic cancer gestational diabetes
atleast 2 disease associated with ↑ urine glucose, normal blood glucose
Fanconi syndrome
Advance renal disease
pregnancy
true or false
both sucrose and lactose are reducing agent
false
sucrose not reducing agent (not detected in routine analysis
