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Renal > Renal Function 3 > Flashcards

Renal Function 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Fluid that comes into distal tubule via loop of Henle is?

A

Dilute

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2
Q

What type of hormone is Aldosterone?

A

Salt conserving​ hormone: regulates the amount of Na+ reabsorbed and K+ excreted

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3
Q

What type of hormone is the parathyroid​ hormone:

A

Calcium conserving hormone that stimulates the uptake of calcium

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4
Q

What does the late distal tubule (cortical tubule) regulate?

A

acid-base balance:

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5
Q

In order to keep plasma concentration and ECF composition stable :

A

Intake - (non-renal losses) = excretion

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6
Q

Major ECF cation:

A

Na+
- salt in ECF is stable

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7
Q

concentraion of Na+ is ECF is regulated by?

A

water balance (osmoregulation via ADH)

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8
Q

What determines ECF volume?

A

amount of NaCl in ECF

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9
Q

Regulation of NaCl occurs in response to changes in ?

A

blood pressure ( long term regulation of BP)

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10
Q

What type of hormone is aldosterone?

A

corticosteroid​ hormone

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11
Q

Where is aldosterone secreted from?

A

Adrenal Cortex (Zona glomerulosa)

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12
Q

alodsterone stimuli for secretion:

A

Angiotensin II and Hyperkalaemia

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13
Q

Inhibits aldosterone secretion?

A

Atrial natriuretic peptide

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14
Q

Aldosterone in the Kidney:

A
  • increases Na channels in apical membrane
  • Increase # of Na/K ATPase pumps in basolateral membranes
  • Increase K channels in apical membranes
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15
Q

The distal tubule deals with what % of filtered volume and what % of filtered load of NaCl?

A

25% of filtered Volume and 5-10% of filtered load of NaCl

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16
Q

Early distal tubule:

A
  • Na and Cl transport without water following
  • impermeable to water
  • Parathyroid hormone conserves Calcium by stimulating uptake of calcium
  • Ca and magnesoum handled here
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17
Q

Late distal tubule

A
  • sensative to aldosterone
  • site of regulation of acid-base balance
18
Q

acid-base​ balance summary:

A
  • H+ ions secreted into the tubule are buffered by phosphate
  • H+ ions regenerate bicarbonate used to buffer excess acid
  • distal tubule is able to make and additional buffer: ammonia and if necessary can enable increased acid excretion
  • Is the SITe
19
Q

The sympathetic nervous activates when?

A

pressure is low

20
Q

Renin-angiotensin system is stimulated by

A

sympathetic system

21
Q

Renin-angiotensin system directly affects:

A

Kidney
- constrict efferent arterioles (which increase filtartion
- This decreases hydrostatic pressure in glomeruli capillaries which will favor reabsorption of Na+ in proximal tubule

22
Q

Angiotensin is a mahjor stimuli for?

A

aldosterone secretion ( steroid hormone)
- Takes time to have an effect
- increases reabsorbtion of Na+ in distal tubule

23
Q

Natiruetic system:

A

hormone produced when heart is stretched
- inhibits aldosterone and Na+ reabsorption

24
Q

What is the physical response when ECF volume ( and Blood pressure) is lowered

A

vomiting, diarrhea, blood loss

25
Q

What is the response when ECF volume ( an Blood pressure) is lowered

A
  • Sympathetic nervous system activation
  • Activation of renin angiotensin system,
  • inhibition of natruteic system
26
Q

sympathetic nervous system activation:

A
  • constricts renal arterioles
  • increased reabsorption​ of salt in water in tubule
  • stimulates renin secretion
27
Q

activation of renin-angiotensin system:

A
  • maintains GFR at lower perfusion pressure
  • increases Na+ resorption from PCT
  • stimulates aldosterone secretion
28
Q

Effect of angiotensin:
low pressure:
high pressure:

A

low pressure: switch on the renal-angio system
high pressure: switch of renal angio system, to stop conserving Na and help the natriuretic sytem get rid of extra NA

29
Q

Aldosterone does what during lowering ECF Volume?

A
  • increases Na channels in apical membrane
  • increases K+ channels in apical membrane
  • increases number of Na/K ATPase pumps in basolateral membrane
30
Q

Raising ECF volume:

A

increase amount of NaCl reaching macula densa
- adenosine​ switches off renin and aldosterone concentration falls

31
Q

Raising ECF: natriuretic hormones

A

-atrial natriuretic peptides
- endogenous digitalis like factor inhibits Na/P ATPase

32
Q

Where are Natriuretic peptides produced?

A

atria of heart

33
Q

Natriuretic system does what to GFR and sodium reabsorbtion

A

increases GFR and reduces NA reabsorption by distal tubule

34
Q

What happens if there is excess atrial natriuretic peptides?

A

does not cause major problems

35
Q

Development of hypertension over time in cats:

A

show bp increase with age
- goes up fatser with cats with kidney disease

36
Q

ph of ECF?

A

7.4

37
Q

Is intracellular fluid or basic or acidic?

A

acidic

38
Q

Why is maintainece of pH essential?

A

as enzyme reaction and protein conformation is influenced by pH

39
Q

Acid-base regulation in kidney: most important buffering system?

A

bicarbonate/ CO2 system

40
Q

When faced with excess acid:

A
  • CO2 can be exerted in lungs
  • ## kidneys get rid of excess acid and regenerate bicarboante
41
Q

How is the excess acid excreted in the kidneys?

A

in urine via phosphate
- secretion of ammonia can help excrete acid

42
Q

How is acid- base volume achieved ?

A

via balance of bicarbonate

Renal (5 decks)

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