Renal failure (de Zoysa) Flashcards
1
Q
Five key roles of the kidneys
A
Elimination of waste products Control of fluid balance Regulate pH Produce hormones Regulate electrolytes
2
Q
What is the normal glomerular filtration rate
A
120ml/minute
3
Q
Two kinds of renal failure
A
Acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease
4
Q
What are the causes of AKI
A
Pre-renal (hypoperfusion), renal (inflammation/toxicity), post renal (obstruction, e.g. urerthral stones).
5
Q
What are two mechanisms of measuring renal function
A
Serum creatinine
Urinary output/ protein
6
Q
What stage AKI would anuria for >12hrs indicate
A
Stage 3
7
Q
What are baseline risk factors for AKI (7)
A
CKD Age >75 years DM CHF Liver failure Nephrotoxic medications Hx of AKI
8
Q
General approach to avoiding AKI
A
Identify patients at risk, optimise volume status, stop nephrotoxic agents, monitor creatinine and urine output
