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Renal > Renal - Embryo, Anatomy and Physio > Flashcards

Renal - Embryo, Anatomy and Physio Flashcards

1
Q

Embryo: Interim functioning kidney for 1st trimester? later becomes?

A

Mesonephros. Later part of male genitals

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2
Q

Nephrogeneisis. Begins? Ends?

A

week 5 - week 32/26.

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3
Q

3 embryological structures in kidney development?

A

pronephros - degenerates by week 4
Mesonephros - first tri
Metanephros - becomes part of adult kidney

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4
Q

2 part of metanephros and what they give rise to?

A

Metanephric mesenchyme - glomerulus through DCT

Uteric Bud - : COLLECTING DUCT to ureter,

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5
Q

Most common site of hydronephrosis in fetus?

A

hydronephrosis = obstruction

Urteropelvic junction.

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6
Q

Embyronic kidney syndrome that causes facial deformities, and pulmonary hypoplasia resulting in death?

A

Potter’s. Oligohydramnios (little amniotic fluid because baby can’t pee) leads to compression of fetus.

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7
Q

bilateral renal agenesis - cause of death? other causes?

A

Potter’s symdrome. Death from lung hypoplasia. ARPKD, problem with posterior urethral valves

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8
Q

turner’s. Kidney’s function normally but get trapped where?

A

horseshoe kidney. Under inferior mesenteric artery.

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9
Q

Ultrasound shows nonfunctioning fetal kidney consisting of cysts and connective tissue. Cause? Sx?

A

Multicystic dysplastic kidney. Abnormal interaction between ureteric bud and metanephric mesenchyme. If unilateral, no Sx, as other kidney compensates.

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10
Q

Kidney transplant. Which kidney taken? Why?

A

Left - longer renal vein

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11
Q

Water under the bridge. Bridge is?

A

Uterine artery in females, Vas Deferens in males

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12
Q

More water in ICF or ECF?

A

Intracellular - 40% body weight

Extracellular - 20% body weight

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13
Q

ECF consists of (and % of total body weight)?

A

Plasma (5%), and interstitial fluid (15%)

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14
Q

Radioactive albumin. Could be used to measure?

A

Plasma volume

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15
Q

Pt with alubuminuria, hypoproteinemia, edema and hyperlipidema. What is lost?

A

Nephrotic syndrome. Heparin sulfate (charge barrier) lost.

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16
Q

Pt losing protein in urine. Liver pumps out?

A

Lipids - hyperlipidemia

17
Q

Size barrier in kidney composed of?

A

Epithelial layer - podocytes

18
Q

Clearance of substance x?

A

(Ux/Px)*V

19
Q

Cx<GFR means?

A

net resorption

20
Q

Normal GFR?

A

100 ml/min

21
Q

Creatinine: absorbed or secreted?

A

Slightly excreted. C>GFR (therefore overestimates GFR)

22
Q

GFR = (2 formulas)

A

C of inulin [(U/P)*V]

Kf [P-glomeulus - P-bowmans - Osmotic-glomerulus)]

23
Q

Substance that is used to measure effective renal plasma flow? why?

A

PAH - filtered and actively secreted

24
Q

Effective renal plasma flow formula?

A

Ux/Px * V, where x=PAH

25
Q

Renal Blood flow formula?

A

RPF/(1-Hct)

Since RBF*(1-HCT) = RPF

26
Q

True RPF vs ERPF calculation?

A

True is about 10% higher

27
Q

Filtration fraction? Normal value?

A

GFR/RPF; 20%

28
Q

Estimate GFR with? RPF?

A

Creatinine. PAH

29
Q

Filtered load?

Secreted load?

A

GFR*Px

V*Ux

30
Q

substance that constricts EA? Effect on RPF, GFR, FF?

A

ATII - down, up, up

31
Q

Substance that dilates AA? Effect on RPF, GFR, FF?

A

NSAIDS; up, up, no change

32
Q

AA constriction . Effect on RPF, GFR, FF?

A

down, down, no change

33
Q

increased plasma protein concentraion. Effect on RPF, GFR, FF?

A

no change, decreased, decreased

34
Q

decreased plasma protein concentration. Effect on RPF, GFR, FF?

A

no change, up, up

35
Q

Constriction of uterer. Effect on RPF, GFR, FF?

A

no change, down, down

36
Q

Glucouria begins at what level of plasma glucose? when are transporters fully saturated?

A

160; 350

37
Q

Pregancy and PCT resorption?

A

reduced resorption of glucose and AAs - glucouria and aminoaciduria

38
Q

Resorption of AA dependent of?

A

Na-dependent transporters

39
Q

Kidney resorption defect. Results in a rash, diarrhea, and mental confusion. Deficiency?

A

Pellegra from Hartnup’s disease. Deficiency of tryptophan transporter.

Renal (3 decks)

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