Renal - Embryo, Anatomy and Physio Flashcards
Embryo: Interim functioning kidney for 1st trimester? later becomes?
Mesonephros. Later part of male genitals
Nephrogeneisis. Begins? Ends?
week 5 - week 32/26.
3 embryological structures in kidney development?
pronephros - degenerates by week 4
Mesonephros - first tri
Metanephros - becomes part of adult kidney
2 part of metanephros and what they give rise to?
Metanephric mesenchyme - glomerulus through DCT
Uteric Bud - : COLLECTING DUCT to ureter,
Most common site of hydronephrosis in fetus?
hydronephrosis = obstruction
Urteropelvic junction.
Embyronic kidney syndrome that causes facial deformities, and pulmonary hypoplasia resulting in death?
Potter’s. Oligohydramnios (little amniotic fluid because baby can’t pee) leads to compression of fetus.
bilateral renal agenesis - cause of death? other causes?
Potter’s symdrome. Death from lung hypoplasia. ARPKD, problem with posterior urethral valves
turner’s. Kidney’s function normally but get trapped where?
horseshoe kidney. Under inferior mesenteric artery.
Ultrasound shows nonfunctioning fetal kidney consisting of cysts and connective tissue. Cause? Sx?
Multicystic dysplastic kidney. Abnormal interaction between ureteric bud and metanephric mesenchyme. If unilateral, no Sx, as other kidney compensates.
Kidney transplant. Which kidney taken? Why?
Left - longer renal vein
Water under the bridge. Bridge is?
Uterine artery in females, Vas Deferens in males
More water in ICF or ECF?
Intracellular - 40% body weight
Extracellular - 20% body weight
ECF consists of (and % of total body weight)?
Plasma (5%), and interstitial fluid (15%)
Radioactive albumin. Could be used to measure?
Plasma volume
Pt with alubuminuria, hypoproteinemia, edema and hyperlipidema. What is lost?
Nephrotic syndrome. Heparin sulfate (charge barrier) lost.
Pt losing protein in urine. Liver pumps out?
Lipids - hyperlipidemia
Size barrier in kidney composed of?
Epithelial layer - podocytes
Clearance of substance x?
(Ux/Px)*V
Cx<GFR means?
net resorption
Normal GFR?
100 ml/min
Creatinine: absorbed or secreted?
Slightly excreted. C>GFR (therefore overestimates GFR)
GFR = (2 formulas)
C of inulin [(U/P)*V]
Kf [P-glomeulus - P-bowmans - Osmotic-glomerulus)]
Substance that is used to measure effective renal plasma flow? why?
PAH - filtered and actively secreted
Effective renal plasma flow formula?
Ux/Px * V, where x=PAH
Renal Blood flow formula?
RPF/(1-Hct)
Since RBF*(1-HCT) = RPF
True RPF vs ERPF calculation?
True is about 10% higher
Filtration fraction? Normal value?
GFR/RPF; 20%
Estimate GFR with? RPF?
Creatinine. PAH
Filtered load?
Secreted load?
GFR*Px
V*Ux
substance that constricts EA? Effect on RPF, GFR, FF?
ATII - down, up, up
Substance that dilates AA? Effect on RPF, GFR, FF?
NSAIDS; up, up, no change
AA constriction . Effect on RPF, GFR, FF?
down, down, no change
increased plasma protein concentraion. Effect on RPF, GFR, FF?
no change, decreased, decreased
decreased plasma protein concentration. Effect on RPF, GFR, FF?
no change, up, up
Constriction of uterer. Effect on RPF, GFR, FF?
no change, down, down
Glucouria begins at what level of plasma glucose? when are transporters fully saturated?
160; 350
Pregancy and PCT resorption?
reduced resorption of glucose and AAs - glucouria and aminoaciduria
Resorption of AA dependent of?
Na-dependent transporters
Kidney resorption defect. Results in a rash, diarrhea, and mental confusion. Deficiency?
Pellegra from Hartnup’s disease. Deficiency of tryptophan transporter.
