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Renal > Physio 2 > Flashcards

Physio 2 Flashcards

1
Q

PTH - Affects what part of Nephron? Function?

A

1) PCT - inhibits Na/phosphate cotransport (P excerted)

2) DCT increases Ca/Na exchange - increases Ca resorption

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2
Q

ATII - Affects what part of Nephron? Function?

A

PCT and DCT. increases Na/H exchange, increases HCO3 - can cause alkylosis.

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3
Q

TAL of nephron - resorbs?

A

Mg and Ca

Na, K, Cl

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4
Q

ALDO- Affects what part of Nephron? Function?

A

Collecting tubules - inserts Na channels

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5
Q

ADH - Affects what part of Nephron? Function?

A

collecting ducts - inserts aquaporins on luminal surface

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6
Q

Renin released in response to? By what cells?

A 
decreased BP (JG cells)
decreased NA (Macula Densa cells)
increased SNS (B1 receptors)
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7
Q

ATII converted by enzyme produced by?

A

Lungs/kidney

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8
Q

ACE - function other than AT conversion?

A

inhibits bradykinin

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9
Q

ATII acts where? (6)

A

1) AT receptors in SMC (vasoconstriction increases BP)
2) Constricts EA of kidney (up FF, but WITH compensatory Na resorption)
3) Adrenal gland (produced ALDO)
4) Post Pit (release of ADH)
5) PCT (increases Na/H activity)
6) Hypothal - thirst

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10
Q

Mech for molecule released in response to increased volume?

A

ANP: increases cGMP in SMC, which will relax renal arteries, increasing GFR and decreasing renin (increasing GFR means increasing Na filtration without increasing Na resorption - loss of Na)

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11
Q

Primarily regulates osmolarity?

A

ADH

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12
Q

Primarily regulates volume?

A

ALDO

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13
Q

EPO released by?

A

intersitial cells in the peritubular capillary bed

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14
Q

Name and Location of enzyme that convert 25-OH Vit D to 1,25 VitD?

A

1a-hydroxylase. PCT cells.

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15
Q

Fuctions in the kidney to vasodilate the AA to increase GFR?

A

Prostaglandins.

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16
Q

Can cause acture renal failure by constriction of AA?

A

NSAIDs - inhibit prostaglandins

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17
Q

Shifts K out of Cells?

A

Digitalis, hyperOsmolarity, Insulin deficiency, Lysis of cells Acidosis, B-adrenergic antagonist

DO insulin LAB

18
Q

Insulin - affect on K?

A

pushes it into cells (INsulin INto cells)

19
Q

U waves and Flattened T-waves on EKG? Suspect?

A

low K; Flatttened T waves because of impaired repol

20
Q

Wide QRS and peaked (huge) T waves

A

hyperK

21
Q

Pt with tetany and seizures?

A

HypoCa

22
Q

Pt with tetany and arrhythias?

A

hypoMg

23
Q

Pt with bone loss and increased osteoid. Electrolyte disturbance?

A

hypoPO4 (from not enough vit D)

24
Q

Pt with Stupor with nausea and malaise?

A

HypoNa

25
Q

Pt with stupor and irritability?

A

hyperNa

26
Q

Pt with bone pain, anxiety, altered mental status, and abdominal pain?

A

hyperCa (stone, bones, groans, and psychiatric overtones)

27
Q

Pt with decreasedDTRs, bradycardia, hypotension, hypoCa going into cardiac arrest?

A

hyperMg

28
Q

Pt with hypoCa and metastatic cacifications with renal stones?

A

HyperPO4

29
Q

Henderson-Hasselbalch?

A

pH = 6.1 +log(HCO3/.03Pco2)

30
Q

Predicted respiratory compensation for a simple met acidosis?

A

Pco2 = 3/2 (HCO3)+8

31
Q

Anion gap?

A

Na-Cl-HCO3

32
Q

pH<7.4 and Pco2>40; Causes?

A

Respiratory Acidosis

Hypoventilation (lung disease, opioids, weak muscles, obstruction)

33
Q

pH<7.4, anion gap over 12; causes?

A 
Met Acidosis - MUDPILESS
Methanol (formic acid)
Uremia
DKA
Propylene glycol
Iron tablets/INH
Lactic acidosis
Ethylene glycol
Salicylates (later)
Shock/infarction
34
Q

pH<7.4, anion gap of 10; causes?

A 
Met Acidosis - HARDASS
Hyperalimentation
Addison's disease
Renal tubular acidosis
Diarrhea
Acetazolamide
Spirolactone
Saline
35
Q

pH>7.4 and Pco2<40; causes?

A

Respiratory Alk - SHH

early salicylates, Hyperventilation, high altitude,

36
Q

pH>7.4 and Pco2>40

A 
Met Alk - LAVA
Loop Diuretics
Antacid
Vomiting
AyperALDO
37
Q

Pt has Urine pH>5.5, hypoK. Defect? Risk of?

A

Distal Renal tubular acidosis - cannot excrete H.

Risk of CaPO4 stones and bone resorption

38
Q

Urine pH<5.5. HypoK. Defect? Risk of?

A

Proximal RTA. Defect in HCO3 resorption (drags out k). Increased risk for hypophosphatemic rickets

39
Q

pt with Fanconi’s. May develope (re: kidneys)

A

Proximal tubles RTA (cant resorb HCO3)

40
Q

Pt with Low Mg : causes?

A

Alcoholism, diarrhea, aminoglycosides, diuretics

40
Q

pt with hyperK and low urine pH?

A

RTA from hypoALDO.

Renal (3 decks)

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