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Renal Midterm > Renal Embryo > Flashcards

Renal Embryo Flashcards

1
Q

Origin and location of intermediate mesoderm

A

Part of mesoderm formed during gastrulation

Located between paraxial mesoderm and lateral plate

[Dennis says in the trunk, immediately lateral to each somite]

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2
Q

3 stages of kidney development with timing

A

Pronephros = early 4th week

Mesonephros = late 4th week

Metanephros = 5th week

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3
Q

The pronephros degenerates by day 24-25, but __________ persist and are used by the mesonephros

A

Pronephric ducts

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4
Q

Mesonephros develops _____ to pronephros

A

Caudal

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5
Q

What are the 2 components of the mesonephric kidney and what is the difference in their origin?

A

Mesonephric ducts
Mesonephric tubules

Both originate from nephrogenic cord/intermediate mesoderm, but ducts develop first then induce tubules to form from surrounding intermediate mesoderm

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6
Q

Mesonephric tubules eventually form the ________ (adult kidney structure)

A

Renal corpuscles

[medial end is glomerular capsule]

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7
Q

Pronephric ducts run caudally and open into the ______

A

Cloaca

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8
Q

What is the fate of the mesonephric ducts?

A

Regress in females

Form efferent ductules in males

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9
Q

The mesonephros functions as the interim kidney from 6-_____ weeks, when it stops functioning. It degenerates by _____ weeks

A

10; 12

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10
Q

The caudal end of each mesonephric duct induces the _________

A

Ureteric bud

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11
Q

2 major parts of metanephros

A

Ureteric bud = outgrowth of mesonephric duct

Metanephric blastema = from nephrogenic cord

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12
Q

The metanephros forms the functional kidney by the _____ week

A

9-10th

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13
Q

Adult derivatives of ureteric bud

A 
Ureter
Renal pelvis
Major calyx
Minor calyx
Collecting duct
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14
Q

Adult derivatives of metanephric blastema

A

Metanephric mesoderm becomes connecting tubule

Metanephric vesicles become DCT

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15
Q

Inductive influence of the ________ causes the metanephric mesoderm to differentiate into metanephric vesicles, which later give rise to primitive _______ tubules that are critical to nephron formation

A

Collecting ducts

S-shaped renal

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16
Q

S-shaped renal tubules differentiate into what structures?

A

Collecting tubule, DCT, LOH, PCT, Bowman’s capsule

17
Q

When is nephron formation complete

A

At birth, maturation continues after that

18
Q

The bladder develops from the vesical part of the urogenital sinus. What are the germ layer contributions?

A

Endoderm (urogenital sinus) = transitional epithelium

Splanchnic mesoderm = submucosa and muscularis

Intermediate mesoderm (mesonephric ducts) = trigone

19
Q

The bladder is continuous with the _____ in utero, which is a fetal membrane developed from the hindgut

A

Allantois

20
Q

The allantois eventually constricts and forms the ________ which extends from the apex of the bladder to the umbilicus, and will eventually form the _______ ligament

A

Urachus

Median umbilical

21
Q

Derivatives of vesical part, pelvic part, and phallic part of urogenital sinus

A

Vesical part forms most of urinary bladder

Pelvic part forms neck of bladder, prostatic urethra (m), and urethra (f)

Phallic part forms spongy urethra (m) and lining of vaginal vestibule (f)

22
Q

______ = condition characterized by urethral opening on dorsum of genital tubercle rather than ventral

This commonly occurs with what other condition

A

Epispadias

Occurs with exstrophy of bladder

23
Q

Origin of the components of the suprarenal gland

A

Capsule = mesonephric mesoderm

Cortex = coelomic epithelium (somatic mesoderm)

Medulla = NCCs

24
Q

What is the likely embryological issue resulting in unilateral renal agenesis?

A

Defect in reciprocal induction between ureteric bud and metanephric blastema

25
Q

Bilateral renal agenesis is associated with amniotic fluid issue known as ________, and is also commonly comorbid with ______ syndrome

A

Oligohydramnios; potter

26
Q

Renal duplications result from abnormal divisions of _________

A

Ureteric bud

[can be incomplete with divided kidney+bifid ureter or complete with double kidney and bifid or separate ureters]

27
Q

What condition is characterized by fusion of the kidneys at inferior poles? What causes them to sit lower in abdominal cavity?

A

Horseshoe kidney, sit lower bc their ascent is prevented by inferior mesenteric artery

28
Q

Accessory renal vessels are relatively common with adult kidneys, why are these potentially problematic?

A

Can obstruct ureter, causing enlarged renal pelvis and hydronephrosis

They are end arteries, so if they’re damaged can lead to ischemia

29
Q

What are the 3 potential urachal anomalies?

A

Urachal cysts = remnants of epithelial lining of the urachus that can become infected and enlarged

Urachal sinus = end of urachus remains open into bladder (inferior region) or umbilicus (superior region)

Urachal fistula = entire urachus remains patent

30
Q

When does the metanephros become functional?

A. At week 3
B. At week 4
C. At week 10
D. Just before birth
E. Just after birth
A

C. At week 10

31
Q

A urachal cyst is a remnant of the:

A. Urogenital sinus
B. Urogenital ridge
C. Cloaca
D. Allantois
E. Mesonephric duct
A

D. Allantois

32
Q

During surgery for a benign cyst on the kidney, the surgeon notes that the patient’s right kidney has 2 ureters and 2 renal pelves. This malformation is:

A. An abnormal division of the pronephros
B. An abnormal division of the mesonephros
C. Formation of an extra mass of intermediate mesoderm
D. A premature division of the metanephric blastema
E. A premature division of the ureteric bud

A

E. A premature division of the ureteric bud

33
Q

The transitional epithelium lining the urinary bladder is derived from:

A. Ectoderm
B. Endoderm
C. Mesoderm
D. Endoderm and mesoderm
E. Neural crest cells
A

B. Endoderm

34
Q

The transitional epithelium lining the ureter is derived from:

A. Ectoderm
B. Endoderm
C. Mesoderm
D. Endoderm and mesoderm
E. Neural crest cells
A

C. Mesoderm

35
Q

The podocytes of Bowman’s capsule are derived from:

A. Ectoderm
B. Endoderm
C. Mesoderm
D. Endoderm and mesoderm
E. Neural crest cells
A

C. Mesoderm

36
Q

The proximal convoluted tubules of the definitive adult kidney are derived from:

A. Ureteric bud
B. Metanephric vesicle
C. Mesonephric duct
D. Mesonephric tubules
E. Pronephric tubules
A

B. Metanephric vesicle

37
Q

The trigone on the posterior wall of the urinary bladder is formed by the:

A. Incorporation of the lower end of the mesonephric ducts
B. Incorporation of the lower end of the pronephric ducts
C. Incorporation of the metanephric blastema
D. Incorporation of the mesonephric tubules
E. Incorporation of the pronephric tubules

A

A. Incorporation of the lower end of the mesonephric ducts

38
Q

A 6 year old girl presents with a large abdominal mass just superior to the pubic symphysis. The mass is tender when palpated and fixed in location. During surgery, a fluid-filled mass is noted connected to the umbilicus superiorly and to the urinary bladder inferiorly. What is the diagnosis?

A. Pelvic kidney
B. Horseshoe kidney
C. Polycystic disease of the kidney
D. Urachal cyst
E. Exstrophy of the bladder
A

D. Urachal cyst

39
Q

Immediately after birth of a boy, a moist, red protrusion of tissue is noted just superior to his pubic symphysis. After observation, urine drainage is noted from the upper lateral corners of this tissue mass. What is the diagnosis?

A. Pelvic kidney
B. Horseshoe kidney
C. Polycystic disease of the kidney
D. Urachal cyst
E. Exstrophy of the bladder
A

E. Exstrophy of the bladder

Renal Midterm (10 decks)

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