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Renal Midterm > Body Fluid Compartments > Flashcards

Body Fluid Compartments Flashcards

1
Q

Isosmotic volume contraction

Examples? Changes in volume of ECF and/or ICF? ECF Osmolarity?

A

Diarrhea, burn, vomiting

ECF volume decrease

No change in ICF volume or ECF osmolarity

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2
Q

Hyperosmotic volume contraction

Examples? Changes in volume of ECF and/or ICF? ECF Osmolarity?

A

Sweating, fever, diabetes insipidus

ECF volume decreases

ICF volume decreases

ECF Osmolarity increases

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3
Q

Hyposmotic volume contraction

Examples? Changes in volume of ECF and/or ICF? ECF Osmolarity?

A

Adrenal insufficiency

ECF volume decrease

ICF volume increase

ECF Osmolarity decrease

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4
Q

Isosmotic volume expansion

Examples? Changes in volume of ECF and/or ICF? ECF Osmolarity?

A

Infusion of isotonic NaCl

ECF volume increase

No change in ICF volume or ECF osmolarity

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5
Q

Hyperosmotic volume expansion

Examples? Changes in volume of ECF and/or ICF? ECF Osmolarity?

A

High NaCl intake

ECF volume increase

ICF volume decrease

ECF Osmolarity increase

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6
Q

Hyposmotic volume expansion

Examples? Changes in volume of ECF and/or ICF? ECF Osmolarity?

A

SIADH

ECF volume increase

ICF volume increase

ECF Osmolarity decrease

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7
Q

Normal fluid distribution including TBW, extracellular, and intracellular

A

TBW = 60% of our body weight (kg)

Extracellular compartments = 20% of our TBW

Intracellular = 40% of our TBW

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8
Q

What is the breakdown of extracellular compartments?

A

Extracellular = 20% of our TBW composed of:

75% interstitial fluid
25% plasma (which is 80% venous, 20% arterial)

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9
Q

________ = transcellular space considered an extracellular fluid compartment with negligible volume under normal conditions

A

Third space

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10
Q

Major cations/anions in intracellular vs. extracellular spaces

A

IC = K+ cations, protein anions

EC = Na+ cations, Cl- anions

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11
Q

Where are protein levels highest? What are the major proteins?

A

ICF and vascular compartments - albumin and globulins

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12
Q

Values of V(D) for plasma, all of ECF, TBW, and TBW+tissues

A

Drug only in plasma = 3 L

Drug in plasma + interstitial fluid (ECF) = 14 L

Drug in TBW = 40-45 L

Drug in TBW + tissues = greater than 45 L

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13
Q

What basic starling forces favor filtration?

A

Pc (hydrostatic pressure within lumen of capillary)

Pi(i) (oncotic pressure in interstitium)

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14
Q

Where is sodium the highest in the ECF

A

Vasculature, followed by interstitial fluid

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15
Q

What concentration can be used to quickly estimate plasma osmolarity?

A

Sodium

2[Na+]

Or:

2[Na+] + glucose/18 + urea/2.8

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16
Q

Normal osmolarity of plasma electrolytes

A

290 mOsm

17
Q

What is the Gibbs Donnan effect

A

Na+ and K+ concentration is slightly higher than expected in the vascular space because the negative charge of proteins within vasculature attracts positively charged Na and K ions

18
Q

RBC placed in isosmotic solution

A

No change

19
Q

RBC placed in hyperosmotic solution

A

RBC shrivels

20
Q

RBC placed in hyposmotic solution

A

RBC swells and bursts

21
Q

What neurohumoral and effector mechanisms occur during disease like CHF which tend to act against our kidneys in the long run?

A

In heart failure, CO decreases and underfilled vasculature stimulates compensatory renal mechanisms to increase Na+ and water retention which restores perfusion pressure but exacerbates edema

22
Q

Changes in ECF, ICF, and osmolality with Addison’s disease (hypoaldosteronism)

A

Hypoaldosteronism –> loss of sodium

Osmolarity in ECF decreases

ECF decreases

ICF increases

23
Q

Changes in ECF, ICF, and osmolality in diabetic ketoacidosis

A

Osmolarity in ECF increases

ICF decreases

ECF decreases

24
Q

A severe case of diarrhea would be characteristic of which of the following changes in body fluids?

A. Isosmotic volume expansion
B. Isosmotic volume contraction
C. Hyperosmotic volume contraction
D. Hyposmotic volume contraction

A

B. Isosmotic volume contraction

[ECF volume decreases, ICF volume and ECF osmolarity are unchanged]

25
Q

Syndrome of inappropriate anti-diuretic hormone secretion results in which of the following changes in body fluids?

A. Isosmotic volume expansion
B. Hyperosmotic volume expansion
C. Hyperosmotic volume contraction
D. Hyposmotic volume contraction
E. Hyposmotic volume expansion
A

E. Hyposmotic volume expansion

[ECF volume increases, ICF volume increases, ECF osmolarity decreases]

Renal Midterm (10 decks)

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