Renal Disorders

Question 1

Compare the signs and symptoms of acute glomerulonephritis (AGN) with those of nephrosis.

Answer 1

AGN: gross hematuria, recent strep infection, hypertension, and mild edema; nephrosis: severe edema, massive proteinuria, frothy-appearing urine, anorexia

Question 2

What antecedent event occurs with AGN?

Answer 2

Beta-hemolytic streptococcal infection

Question 3

Compare the dietary interventions for AGN and nephrosis

Answer 3

AGN: low-sodium diet with no added salt; nephrosis: high-protein, low-salt diet

Question 4

What is the physiologic reason for the lab finding of hypoproteinemia in nephrosis?

Answer 4

Hypoproteinemia occurs because the glomeruli are permeable to serum proteins

Question 5

Describe safe monitoring of prednisone administration and withdrawl.

Answer 5

Long-term prednisone should be given every other day. Signs of edema, mood changes, and GI distress should be noted and reported. The drug should be tapered, not discontinued suddenly

Question 6

What interventions can be taught to prevent urinary tract infections in children?

Answer 6

Avoid bubble baths; void frequently; drink adequate fluids, especially acidic fluids such as apple or cranberry juice; and clean genital area from front to back

Question 7

Describe the pathophysioloy of vesicoureteral reflux

Answer 7

A malfunction of the valves at the end of the ureters, allowing urine to reflux out of the bladder into ther ureters and possibly into the kidneys

Question 8

What are the priorities for a client with a Wilms tumor?

Answer 8

Protect the child from injury to the encapsulated tumor. Prepare the family and child for surgery

Question 9

Explain why hypospadias correction is performed before the child reaches preschool age

Answer 9

Preschoolers fear castration, achieving sexual identity, and acquiring independent toileting skills.