Hematologic Disorders

Question 1

Describe the information families should be given when a child is receiving oral iron preparations.

Answer 1

Give oral iron on an empty stomach and with vitamin C. Use straws to avoid discoloring teeth. Tarry stools are normal. Increase dietary sources of iron.

Question 2

List dietary sources of iron.

Answer 2

Meat, green leafy vegetables, fish, liver, whole grains, legumes

Question 3

What is the genetic transmission pattern of hemophilia?

Answer 3

It is an X-linked recessive chromosomal disorder transmitted by the mother and expressed in male children.

Question 4

Describe the sequence of events in a vaso-occlusive crisis in sickle cell anemia.

Answer 4

A vaso-occlusive crisis is caused by the clumping of red blood cells, which blocks small blood vessels; therefore, the cells cannot get through the capillaries, causing pain and tissue and organ ischemia. Lowered oxygen tension affects HgbS, which causes sickling of the cells.

Question 5

Explain why hydration is a priority in treating sickle cell disease.

Answer 5

Hydration promotes hemodilution and circulation of the red cells through the blood vessels.

Question 6

What should families and clients do to avoid triggering sickling episodes?

Answer 6

Keep child well hydrated. Avoid known sources of infections. Avoid high altitudes. Avoid strenuous exercise.

Question 7

Nursing interventions and medical treatments for a child with leukemia are based on what three physiologic problems?

Answer 7

Anemia (decreased erythrocytes); infection (neutropenia); bleeding thrombocytopenia (decreased platelets).