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ANURBF > RENAL DISEASES > Flashcards

RENAL DISEASES Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 renal diseases?

A

GLOMERULAR, TUBULAR, TUBULOINTERSTITIAL

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2
Q
  • Majority are of immune origin
  • Exposure to chemicals and toxins
A

GLOMERULAR

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3
Q
  • Disruption of the electrical membrane charges
  • Deposition of amyloid material from systemic disorders
A

GLOMERULAR

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4
Q

Basement membrane thickening

A

GLOMERULAR

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5
Q

It refers to a sterile, inflammatory process that affects the glomerulus and is associated with the finding of blood, protein, and casts in the urine

A

glomerulonephritis

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6
Q

Immune-mediated and have symptoms of Hypertension and Oliguria?

A

NEPHRITIC SYNDROME

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7
Q

Deposition of immune complexes formed in response to Group A Streptococcal infection

A

ACUTE POST-STREPTOCOCCAL GLOMERULONEPHRITIS

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8
Q

Contains M protein in the cell wall which is deposited in the glomerulus

A

ACUTE POST-STREPTOCOCCAL GLOMERULONEPHRITIS

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9
Q

Under Glomerular, what disease that has signs and symptoms:

edema (eyes), fever, fatigue, hypertension

A

ACUTE POST-STREPTOCOCCAL GLOMERULONEPHRITIS

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10
Q

Deposition of immune complexes from systemic immune disorders (ex: SLE) on the glomerular membrane

A

RAPIDLY PROGRESSIVE/CRESENTIC GLOMERULONEPHRITIS

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11
Q

Under RAPIDLY PROGRESSIVE glomerulonephritis:

  • a cellular proliferation of EC inside the Bowman’s capsule which forms crescents
A

Crescentic:

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12
Q

More serious form of acute glomerular disease

A

RAPIDLY PROGRESSIVE/CRESENTIC GLOMERULONEPHRITIS

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13
Q

Deposition of antiglomerular basement membrane antibody to glomerular and alveolar basement membranes.

A

GOODPASTEUR SYNDROME

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14
Q

Under Glomerular, what disease that has signs and symptoms:

hemoptysis and dyspnea

A

GOODPASTEUR SYNDROME

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15
Q

Causes a granuloma-producing inflammation of the small blood vessels of primarily the kidney and respiratory system

A

WEGENER’S GRANULOMATOSIS

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16
Q

WEGENER’S GRANULOMATOSIS disease is?

A

(+) Antineutrophilic cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)

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17
Q

Occurs in children following viral respiratory infections

A

HENOCH-SCHONLEIN PURPURA

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18
Q

Allergic purpura that causes decrease in the number of platelets and affects vascular integrity

A

HENOCH-SCHONLEIN PURPURA

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19
Q

A pronounced thickening of the glomerular basement membrane resulting from the deposition of IgG immune complexes

A

MEMBRANOUS GLOMERULONEPHRITIS

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20
Q

Seen in SLE, Sjogren’s syndrome, secondary syphilis and hepatitis B infection

A

MEMBRANOUS GLOMERULONEPHRITIS

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21
Q

Develop and increase the tendency to thrombosis

A

MEMBRANOUS GLOMERULONEPHRITIS

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22
Q

Cellular proliferation affecting capillary walls or the glomerular basement membrane

A

MEMBRANOPROLIFERATIVE GLOMERULONEPHRITIS (MPGN)

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23
Q

The glomerular disease that has type 1 and 2?

A

MEMBRANOPROLIFERATIVE GLOMERULONEPHRITIS (MPGN)

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24
Q

What MPGN Type that:

Displaced increased cellularity in the sub-endothelial cells of the mesangium that progresses to nephrotic syndrome

A

Type 1

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25
Q

What MPGN Type that:

  • Extremely dense deposits in the glomerular basement membrane which is a chronic glomerulonephritis
A

Type 2

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26
Q

Gradual worsening of symptoms leading to loss of kidney function

A

CHRONIC GLOMERULONEPHRITIS

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27
Q

Progression to renal failure and end stage renal disease may also occur

A

CHRONIC GLOMERULONEPHRITIS

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28
Q

Under Glomerular, what disease that has signs and symptoms:

fatigue, anemia, hypertension, edema, and oliguria

A

CHRONIC GLOMERULONEPHRITIS

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29
Q

Most common cause of glomerulonephritis

A

IgA NEPHROPATHY / BERGER’S DISEASE

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30
Q

Frequent in adults and children and IgA deposition on the glomerular membrane leading to thickening

A

IgA NEPHROPATHY / BERGER’S DISEASE

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30
Q

Disruption of the electrical charges of the basement membrane leading to massive loss of proteins and lipids

A

NEPHROTIC SYNDROME

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31
Q

Glomerular disease that has chronic or acute?

A

NEPHROTIC SYNDROME

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32
Q

Chronic in NEPHROTIC SYNDROME characteristics?

A

Less painful, Long-lasting, Irreversible

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33
Q

Acutein NEPHROTIC SYNDROME characteristics?

A

Painful, Sudden onset, Reversible

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34
Q

Genetic disorder showing lamellated and thinning of glomerular basement membrane

A

ALPORT SYNDROME

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35
Q

Inherited sex-linked or autosomal genetic disorder

A

ALPORT SYNDROME

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36
Q

Also known as Lipid nephrosis

A

MINIMAL CHANGE DISEASE

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37
Q

This is little cellular changes and there is a shield of negativity which increases the filtration of CHON

A

MINIMAL CHANGE DISEASE

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38
Q

MINIMAL CHANGE DISEASE is associated with what 3 things?

A

allergic reaction, recent immunization, human leukocyte Ag-B12

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39
Q

Responds to corticosteroids

A

MINIMAL CHANGE DISEASE

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40
Q

Disruption of podocytes occurring primarily in children following allergic reactions and immunizations

A

MINIMAL CHANGE DISEASE

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41
Q

Disruption of the podocytes in certain areas of the glomerulus; others remain normal

A

FOCAL SEGMENTAL GLOMERULOSCLEROSIS

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42
Q

FOCAL SEGMENTAL GLOMERULOSCLEROSIS is associated with?

A

heroin and analgesic abuse, and AIDS

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43
Q

Most common cause of end-stage renal disease

A

DIABETIC NEPHROPATHY / KIMMELSTIEL-WILSON

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44
Q

Glomerular membrane thickening and Increased proliferation of mesangial cells

A

DIABETIC NEPHROPATHY / KIMMELSTIEL-WILSON

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45
Q

Increased deposition of cellular and noncellular materials

A

DIABETIC NEPHROPATHY / KIMMELSTIEL-WILSON

46
Q

Deposition of glycosylated proteins on the glomerular basement membranes caused by poorly controlled blood glucose levels

A

DIABETIC NEPHROPATHY / KIMMELSTIEL-WILSON

47
Q

This type of cell is modulate glomerular capillary blood flow and plays a role in the ultra-filtration surface area. In addition, it is both a source and target for vaso-active molecules, growth factors and extracellular matrix CHONs

A

Mesangial cells

48
Q

Actual damage to the tubules and those in which ametabolic or hereditary disorder affects the intricate functions of the tubules.

A

TUBULAR

49
Q

Damage to the renal tubular epithelial cells due to ischemia and exposure to nephrotoxic (antibiotic & anti-fungal) agents

A

ACUTE TUBULAR NECROSIS

50
Q

Odorless urine

A

ACUTE TUBULAR NECROSIS

51
Q

Failure of tubular reabsorption in the PCT (glucose, amino acids, phosphorus, sodium, potassium, bicarbonate and water)

A

FANCONI’S SYNDROME

52
Q

FANCONI’S SYNDROME 2 diseases?

A

Cystinosis; Hartnup disease

53
Q

Under FANCONI’S SYNDROME:

what type of disease is amino acid disorder; accumulation of cystine

A

Cystinosis

54
Q

Under FANCONI’S SYNDROME:

What disease is tryptophan metabolism

A

Hartnup

55
Q

DIABETES INSIPIDUS types?

A

Neurogenic DI and Nephrogenic DI

56
Q

type of DI that is failure of hypothalamus to produce ADH

A

Neurogenic DI

57
Q

type of DI that is renal tubules fail to respond to ADH

A

Nephrogenic DI

58
Q

Inherited defect in the production of uromodulin by the renal tubules

A

UROMODULIN-ASSOCIATED KIDNEY DISEASE (UKD)

59
Q
  • Increased uric acid causing gout
  • Normal uromodulin is replaced by abnormal forms that destroy the RTE cells
A

UROMODULIN-ASSOCIATED KIDNEY DISEASE (UKD)

60
Q

Inherited autosomal recessive trait

A

RENAL GLYCOSURIA

61
Q

Normal blood glucose

A

160-180 mg/dL

62
Q

Increased urine glucose due to defective tubular reabsorption

A

RENAL GLYCOSURIA

63
Q
  • Disorders affecting the interstitium also affects the tubules due to their close proximity
  • Majority of these disorders involve infections and inflammatory conditions
A

TUBULOINTERSTITIAL

64
Q
  • Bacterial infection of the urinary bladder
  • Common in women and children with urinary frequency and burning sensation
A

CYSTITIS

65
Q
  • Lower UTI
A

CYSTITIS

66
Q

Upper UTI

A

ACUTE PYELONEPHRITIS

67
Q
  • Kidney infection; begins at the urethra or bladder
  • Infection of the renal tubules and interstitium related to interference of urine flow to the bladder, reflux of urine from the bladder and untreated cystitis
A

ACUTE PYELONEPHRITIS

68
Q

-Recurrent infection of the renal tubules and interstitium caused by structural abnormalities affecting the flow of urine.

-May result to permanent damage

A

CHRONIC PYELONEPHRITIS

69
Q

Allergic inflammation of the renal interstitium in response to certain medications

A

ACUTE INTERSTITIAL NEPHRITIS

70
Q

PROGRESSION TO END-STAGE RENAL DISEASE:

A

RENAL FAILURE

71
Q

RENAL FAILURE: Marked decreased in GFR amount is?

A

<25mL/min

72
Q

General characteristics:
- Decreased GFR
- Oliguria
- Edema
- Azotemia

A

ACUTE RENAL FAILURE

73
Q

Under Pre-renal is?

A

Decreased blood
pressure/cardiac
output, Hemorrhage, Burns, Surgery, Septicemia

74
Q

Under RENAL?

A

Acute
glomerulonephritis, Acute tubular necrosis, Acute pyelonephritis, Acute interstitial
nephritis

75
Q

Under POST RENAL?

A

Renal calculi, Tumors, Crystallization
of ingested
substances

76
Q

Formation of stones in the renal calyces, renal pelvis, ureters and bladder

A

RENAL CALCULI / LITHIASIS

77
Q

May be passed in the urine and obstruct the urinary tract

A

RENAL CALCULI / LITHIASIS

78
Q

What are the conditions favoring the formation of renal calculi:

A

o pH
o Chemical concentration
o Urinary stasis

79
Q

Major constituent of renal calculi

A

Calcium oxalate/phosphate (~75%)

80
Q

Very hard, dark in color with rough surface

May be due to metabolic disorders or diet

A

Calcium oxalate/phosphate (~75%)

81
Q

Frequently accompanied by UTI involving urea-splitting bacteria

A

Magnesium ammonium phosphate

82
Q

Formed in the pelvis – resembling antlers of deer

A

Magnesium ammonium phosphate

83
Q

Associated with increased intake of foods with high purine content

Yellowish to brownish red and moderately hard

A

Uric acid

84
Q

Seen in conjunction with hereditary disorders of cysteine metabolism

Yellow-brown, greasy and resembles an old soap

A

Cystine

85
Q

Least common calculi (1-2%)

A

Cystine

86
Q

It is a procedure using high-energy shock waves, can be used to break stones located in the upper urinary tract into pieces that can then be passed in the urine. Surgical removal also can be employed.

A

LITHOTRIPSY:

87
Q

Findings:

  • Acute onset of usually grossly visible hematuria
  • RBC casts
  • Mild to moderate proteinuria
A

NEPHRITIC SYNDROME

88
Q

Findings:

Hematuria
Proteinuria
Oliguria
WBCS, Dysmorphic RBCs
RBC cast, Hyaline cast, Granular cast
(+) ASO titer

A

ACUTE POST-STREPTOCOCCAL GLOMERULONEPHRITIS

89
Q

Findings:

-Hematuria
-Proteinuria
-Dysmorphic RBCs
-RBC cast, Hyaline cast
-Granular cast
-WBCs

A

RAPIDLY PROGRESSIVE/CRESENTIC GLOMERULONEPHRITIS

90
Q

Findings:

Hematuria
Proteinuria
RBC casts

A

GOODPASTEUR SYNDROME

91
Q

Findings:

Hematuria
Proteinuria
RBC casts
Elevated serum creatinine and BUN

A

WEGENER’S GRANULOMATOSIS

92
Q

Findings:

Red skin patches, blood in sputum and stool
Proteinuria
Hematuria with RBC cast

A

HENOCH-SCHONLEIN PURPURA

93
Q

Findings:

Hematuria
Proteinuria

A

MEMBRANOUS GLOMERULONEPHRITIS

94
Q

Findings:

Hematuria
Proteinuria
Decreased serum complement

A

MEMBRANOPROLIFERATIVE GLOMERULONEPHRITIS (MPGN)

95
Q

Findings:

Hematuria
Proteinuria
Glucosuria (result of tubular dysfunction)
Many varieties of casts
Markedly decreased GFR; Increased BUN and creatinine; electrolyte imbalance

A

CHRONIC GLOMERULONEPHRITIS

96
Q

Findings:

IgA deposition on the glomerular membrane leading to thickening

A

IgA NEPHROPATHY / BERGER’S DISEASE

97
Q

Findings:

Heavy proteinuria (> 3.5 g per day)
Hematuria
RTE cells
OFB
Fat droplets
Fatty and waxy casts

A

NEPHROTIC SYNDROME

98
Q

Findings:

Microalbuminuria

A

ALPORT SYNDROME

99
Q

Findings:

Heavy proteinuria
Transient hematuria
Fat droplets

A

MINIMAL CHANGE DISEASE

100
Q

Findings:

Proteinuria, Microscopic hematuria

A

FOCAL SEGMENTAL GLOMERULOSCLEROSIS

101
Q

Findings:

Microalbuminuria
(+) Micral test

A

DIABETIC NEPHROPATHY / KIMMELSTIEL-WILSON

102
Q

Findings:

Proteinuria
Hematuria
RTE cells, RTE casts,
Other casts: hyaline, granular, waxy, and broad cast

A

ACUTE TUBULAR NECROSIS

103
Q

Findings:

Glycosuria (but w/ normal blood glucose)
- Defect is in the renal tubules
Possible mild proteinuria

A

FANCONI’S SYNDROME

104
Q

Findings:

Low specific gravity
Polyuria
Pale yellow color of urine

A

DIABETES INSIPIDUS

105
Q

Findings:

RTE cells
Hyperuricemia (increase uric acid in blood)

A

UROMODULIN-ASSOCIATED KIDNEY DISEASE (UKD)

106
Q

Findings:

Increased urine glucose due to defective tubular reabsorption

A

RENAL GLYCOSURIA

107
Q

Findings:

+ WBCs
+ Bacteria
Hematuria
Mild proteinuria
Increased pH

A

CYSTITIS

108
Q

Findings:

WBCs, Bacteria
WBC cast, Bacterial cast
Hematuria
Proteinuria

A

ACUTE PYELONEPHRITIS

109
Q

Findings:

WBCs
Bacteria
Casts: WBC, Bacterial, Granular, Waxy, Broad
Hematuria
Proteinuria

A

CHRONIC PYELONEPHRITIS

110
Q

Findings:

Hematuria
Proteinuria
WBCs (Increased eosinophils)
WBC casts
NO BACTERIA

A

ACUTE INTERSTITIAL NEPHRITIS

111
Q

Findings:

Steady rise in BUN AND CREATININE (azotemia)
Electrolyte imbalance
Lack of renal concentrating ability producing an isosthenuric urine
Proteinuria, Renal glycosuria
Telescoped urine sediments
- Waxy, granular and broad casts

A

RENAL FAILURE

112
Q

Findings:

Decreased GFR
Oliguria
Edema
Azotemia

A

ACUTE RENAL FAILURE

ANURBF (4 decks)

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