Renal Diseases Flashcards
Classification of renal disease
Based on the area primarily affected
- Glomerular
- Tubular
- Interstitial
Refers to a sterile, inflammatory process that affects the glomerulus and is associated with the finding of blood, protein, and casts in the urine
Glomerulonephritis
The causative agent of Acute Poststreptococcal Glomerulonephritis
Group A Streptococcus
*Contains M protein in the cell wall
Another name for Rapidly Progressive Glomerulonephritis
Crescentic Glomerulonephritis
*Occurs in SLE, deposition of autoimmune complexes such as IgA
An autoimmune disorder that produces a cytotoxic autoantibody against the alveolar and glomerular basement membranes (antiglomerular basement antibody) after viral respiratory infections
Goodpasture syndrome
*Antiglomerular basement antibody
Key diagnosis of Wegener granulomatosis
Anti-neutrophilic cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)
Key characteristic of membranous glomerulonephritis
Thickening of glomerular basement membrane resulting from the deposition of immunoglobulin G immune complexes
Type of membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis wherein there is an increased cellularity in the subendothelial cells of Magnesium
Type 1
*Type 2= extremely dense deposition in the glomerular basement membrane
Also known as Immunoglobulin A Nephropathy
Berger’s disease
Primary protein depleted in the circulation in most cases of renal disorders
Albumin
*Hypoalbuminemia causes liver to compensate by producing lipids
Minimal change disease is also known as _
Lipid nephrosis
Primary disorder associated with damage to the renal tubules
Acute tubular necrosis
Decreased blood flow that causes a lack of oxygen to the tubules
Ischemia
General term indicating a severe condition that decreases the blood flow throughout the body
Shock
Disorder most frequently associated with tubular dysfunction
Fanconi’s syndrome
Fanconi’s syndrome is a generalized failure of tubular reabsorption in the _
Proximal convoluted tubule
Fanconi’s syndrome may be inherited in association with _ and _
Cystinosis and Hartnup disease
Urinalysis finding in Fanconi’s syndrome
Glycosuria with normal blood glucose
Mild proteinuria
Low urinary pH due to failure to reabsorb bicarbonate
An inherited disorder of collagen production affecting the glomerular basement membrane
Alport’s syndrome
* The glomerular membrane has a lamellated appearance with areas of thinning
Most common cause of end-stage renal disease
Diabetic nephropathy
Urine concentration is regulated in _ in response to Antidiuretic hormone
Distal convoluted tubules and collecting duct
Where is ADH produced ?
Hypothalamus
Inability of renal tubules to respond to antidiuretic hormone
Nephrogenic Diabetes insipidus
* Neurogenic DI = failure of hypothalamus to produce ADH
Nephrogenic DI may be acquired from medications including _
Lithium and Amphotericin B
The disorder that affects the reabsorption of glucose only
Renal glycosuria
*autosomal recessive
Patients w/ renal glucosuria have normal/increased glucose concentrations in the blood, and an increased glucose urine output
Normal glucose in the blood
Most common renal disease
UTI
Infection of the bladder
Cystitis
Infection of the upper urinary tract including the tubules and the interstitium
Pyelonephritis
Type of pyelonephritis which results from the ascending movement of bacteria from a lower UTI into the renal tubules and interstitium
Acute pyelonephritis
Reflux of urine from the bladder back into the ureters
Vesicoureteral reflux
Most frequent cause of chronic pyelonephritis
Congenital urinary structural defects producing reflux nephropathy
Marked by inflammation of the renal interstitium followed by the inflammation of renal tubules
Acute interstitial nephritis
Acute interstitial nephritis is primarily associated with _
Allergic reactions to medications that occurs within the renal interstitium
*Symptoms develop 2 weeks after administration
Glomerular filtration rate in end-stage renal disease
<25 mL/min
Abnormally high levels of waste products in the blood (BUN and Creatinine)
Azotemia
Renal calculi vary in size from barely visible to large, staghorn calculi resembling the shape of the renal pelvis and smooth round bladder stones
Renal lithiasis
A procedure that uses high-energy shock waves to break stones in the upper urinary tract into pieces
Lithotripsy
75% of renal calculi are composed of _
Calcium oxalate /phosphate
