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AUB LEC MIDTERM > RENAL DISEASE > Flashcards

RENAL DISEASE Flashcards

1
Q

CLASSIFICATION OF RENAL DISEASES

A

1.Glomerular Disorder
2.Tubular Disorder
3.Interstitial Disorder

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2
Q

Refers to sterile inflammatory processes that
affects the glomerulus and associated with the
finding of blood, protein and casts in urine

A

Glomerulonephritis

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3
Q

Sudden onset of symptoms with
consistent damage to the
glomerular membrane

A

Acute Poststreptococcal Glomerulonephritis

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4
Q

symptoms of Acute Poststreptococcal Glomerulonephritis

A

 Fever
 Hypertension
 Edema
 Oliguria
 Fatigue
 Hematuria

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5
Q

Acute Poststreptococcal Glomerulonephritis caused by:

A
  • Streptococcus
    pyogenes
  • Pneumonia
  • endocarditis
  • Severe infection
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6
Q

FINDINGS for Acute Poststreptococcal Glomerulonephritis

A

Hematuria
Proteinuria
Oliguria
Presence of casts (RBC cast, WBC casts, Hyaline Casts,
Granular Casts)
Increased BUN Levels
POSITIVE ASO Titer

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7
Q

Damage to capillary wall is due to macrophages that
will release cells and plasma in the Bowman’s space

A

Rapidly Progressive (Crescentic) Glomerulonephritis

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8
Q

Findings for Rapidly Progressive (Crescentic) Glomerulonephritis

A
  • Similar to AGN
  • Elevatted protein levels
  • Very low GFR
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9
Q

Production of crescentic formations containing
macrophage, fibroblast and polymerized fibrin

A

Rapidly Progressive (Crescentic) Glomerulonephritis

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10
Q

Autoantibody attachment and complement activation
causes the damage to the capillaries.

A

Goodpasture Syndrome

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11
Q

urine findings for goodpasture syndrome

A

Macroscopic hematuria
Proteinuria
RBC casts

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12
Q

Due to the cytotoxic antibody (Antiglomerular Basement
membrane) found attached to the glomerular and
alveolar membranes during viral respiratory infection

A

Goodpasture Syndrome

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13
Q

Patient’s initial complaints when they have goodpasture sydrome

A

hemoptysis & dyspnea

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14
Q

Disorders affecting the systemic vascular system
resulting to the glomerular damage

A

Vasculitis

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15
Q

two types of Vasculitis

A
  • Wegener’s Granulomatosis
  • Henoch- Schönlein Purpura
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16
Q

It is considered as an immune complex disease and is
characterized by involvement of capillaries with diffuse
infiltration of neutrophils, lymphocytes and macrophages

A

Henoch- Schönlein Purpura

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17
Q

caused by antineutrophilic cytoplasmic antibody
(ANCA), which can be demonstrated in patient’s
serum for laboratory testing

A

Wegener’s Granulomatosis

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18
Q

Result of allergic vasculitis which involves the skin, GIT,
kidneys, heart and CNS

A

Henoch- Schönlein Purpura

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19
Q

causes granuloma producing inflammation of the
small blood vessels in the lungs and the kidneys

A

Wegener’s Granulomatosis

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20
Q

Patient’s serum IgA level is increased which may result
from mucosal infection

A

Immunoglobulin A Nephropathy/ Berger’s Disease

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21
Q

Thickening of the glomerular membrane due
to deposition of IgG immune complexes

A

Membranous Glomerulonephitis

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22
Q

DISORDERS ASSOCIATED with Membranous Glomerulonephitis

A
  • Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
  • Sjögren Syndrome
  • Secondary syphillis
  • Hepatitis B
  • Gold & mercury treatment
  • Malignancy
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23
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome occurs

A

Membranous Glomerulonephitis

24
Q

Immune mediated disorder mostly affecting children characterized by
cellular proliferation in capillary walls or glomerular basement membrane

A

Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephitis

25
Q

Increased cellularity in the subendothelial cells of the (mesangium)
interstitial area of the Bowman’s capsule, causing thickening of the
capillary walls

A

Type I

26
Q

Extreme dense deposits in the glomerular membrane

A

Type II

27
Q

Glomerular damage as a
result of renal disorder leads
to marked decreased in
renal functions and
eventually to renal failure

A

Chronic Glomerulonephritis

28
Q

findings for Chronic Glomerulonephritis

A

hematuria
proteinuria
glucosuria
Cast ( broad cast)
Dec GFR
Inc BUN, Creatinine
level
Imbalance electrolytes

29
Q

There is increase permeability of the glomerular
membrane due to disruption in the electrical charges
in the basal lamina and podocytes, producing a less
tightly connected barrier that allows massive loss of
protein and lipids

A

Nephrotic Syndrome

30
Q

Primary Urinalysis Result for Nephrotic Syndrome

A

Heavy proteinuria
Microscopic hematuria
Renal tubular cells
Oval fat bodies
Fat droplets
Fatty and waxy casts

31
Q

Podocytes appear to be
less tightly fitting allowing
increase infiltration of
protein

A

Minimal Change Disease (Lipid Nephrosis)

32
Q

Urinalysis results for Minimal Change Disease (Lipid Nephrosis)

A

Heavy proteinuria
Transient hematuria
Fat droplets

33
Q

The disease is caused by the disruption of
podocytes associated with analgesic and
heroin abuse and AIDS.

A

Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis

34
Q

seen in the undamaged
glomerulus

A

IgM and C3

35
Q

an inherited disorder affecting the glomerular basement
membrane

A

Alport Syndrome

36
Q

increased proliferation of mesangial cells and increased
deposition of cellular and noncellular material within the
glomerular matrix resulting in accumulation of solid
substances around the capillary tufts

A

Diabetic Nephropathy

37
Q

glomerular basement membrane has a lamellated
appearance with areas of thinning

A

Alport Syndrome

38
Q

Diabetic Nephropathy also known as

A

Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease

39
Q

currently the most common cause of end-stage renal
disease.

A

Diabetic Nephropathy

40
Q

primary disorder associated with damage to the
renal tubules

A

Acute Tubular Necrosis

41
Q

disorder most frequently associated with tubular
dysfunction

A

Fanconi’s Syndrome (Hereditary)

42
Q

Associated with exposure to toxic agents

A

Acquired

43
Q

2 types of Hereditary and Metabolic Disorder

A
  • Fanconi’s Syndrome
  • Acquired
44
Q

Disorders affecting the renal interstitium which
also affects the tubules

A

INTERSTITIAL DISORDER (tubulointerstitial disease)

45
Q

Ascending bacterial
infection of the bladder

A

Cystitis

46
Q

Infection of the renal
tubules and interstitium
related to interference of
urine flow to the bladder,
reflux of urine from the
bladder, and untreated
cystiti

A

Acute
pyelonephritis

47
Q

urinary result of Acute
pyelonephritis

A

Hematuria
Proteinuria
Leukocyturia
WBC casts

48
Q

urinary result of Chronic
pyelonephritis

A
  • Leukocyturia
  • Bacteriuria
  • WBC casts
  • Bacterial casts
  • Granular, waxy, broad casts
  • Hematuria
  • Proteinuria
49
Q

Decreased glomerular
filtration rate

A

Chronic Renal Failure

50
Q

Acute Renal Failure
Prerenal causes:

A

Burns
Hemorrhage
Surgery

51
Q

Acute Renal Failure
Renal Causes:

A

Acute
glomerulonephritis
Acute
pyelonephritis
Acute tubular
necrosis

52
Q

Acute Renal Failure
Post Renal Causes:

A

Tumors
Calculi
Crystallization of
ingested
substancces

53
Q

GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF ACUTE
RENAL FAILURE

A

*Decrease in GFR
*Oliguria
*Edema
*azotemia

54
Q

Deposition of renal calculi or
kidney stones in the calyces and
pelvis of the kidney, ureters and
urinary bladder

A

RENAL LITHIASIS

55
Q
  • a procedure using high-energyshock waves, to break stones
    located in the upper urinary tract into the pieces that can be then passed in
    the urine
A

lithiotripsy

56
Q

CONDITIONS FAVORING STONE
FOMATION

A

 pH
 Chemical concentration
 Urinary stasis
 Cystine

AUB LEC MIDTERM (2 decks)

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