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AUB LEC MIDTERM > CSF > Flashcards

CSF Flashcards

1
Q

is a major fluid of the body

A

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

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2
Q

CSF provides physicians with a tool
by which to evaluate the

A

central nervous system

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3
Q

CSF Function:

A

*supply nutrients to the nervous tissue
*remove metabolic wastes
*produce a mechanical barrier to cushion the
brain and spinal cord against trauma

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4
Q

Brain and spinal cord are lined with

A

meninges

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5
Q

Lines the skull and vertebral canal

A

Dura mater

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6
Q

filamentous; spider like

A

Arachnoid

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7
Q

thin membrane lining the surfaces of the brain and spinal cord

A

Pia mater

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8
Q

tight-fitting structure of the endothelial cells in the choroid plexuses is termed the

A

blood brain barrier

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9
Q

capillary networks that form the
CSF from plasma by mechanisms of selective filtration under
hydrostatic pressure and active transport secretion

A

choroid plexus

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10
Q

In adults, approximately ______ of fluid is
produced every hour.

A

20 mL

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11
Q

The procedure for obtaining CSF is known as a

A

Lumbar puncture

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12
Q

_____ is slowly removed into three or
four sterile tubes that are numbered sequentially

A

10–20 mL of CSF

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13
Q

If only one tube can be collected, it must be tested first in the

A

microbiology

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14
Q

Tube 1
Tube 2
Tube 3
Tube 4

A
  1. Chemical chemistry
  2. Microbiology
  3. Hematology
  4. Microbiology
    and additional
    serologic test
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15
Q

CSF appearance

A

a. crystal clear
b. hazy, turbid, milky, cloudy
c. bloody
d. clotted

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16
Q

bloody significance

A
  • Hemorrhage
  • Traumatic tap
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17
Q

Xanthochromic causes

A
  • Hemoglobin
  • bilirubin
  • carotein
  • protein
  • melanin
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18
Q

hemoglobin significance

A
  • Old hemorrhage
  • Lysed cells from traumatic tap
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19
Q

Bilirubin significance

A

RBC degradation
Elevated serum bilirubin level

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20
Q

Carotein significance

A

increased serum levels

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21
Q

Protein significance

A

disorders affecting blood brain barrier

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22
Q

melanin significance

A

meningeal melanosarcoma

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23
Q

Bloody CSF can be indication of:

A
  • Intracranial haemorrhage
  • Puncture of blood vessel during spinal tap (Traumatic tap)
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24
Q

All diluents should be checked _____ for contamination

A

biweekly

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25
Q

If nondisposable counting chambers are used, they must be soaked in
a _____ for at least _____ then thoroughly rinsed with water and cleaned with ____ after each use.

A

bactericidal solution
15 minutes
isopropyl alcohol

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26
Q

process to concentrate specimen

A

sedimentation, filtration, centrifugation, and cytocentrifugation.

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27
Q

If <100 cells counted

A

report only the numbers of the cell types
seen

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28
Q

Lymphocytes Clinical Significance

A
  • Normal * Viral, tubercular, and fungal
    meningitis
  • Multiple sclerosis
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29
Q

Neutrophils Clinical Significance

A
  • Bacterial meningitis * Early cases of viral, tubercular, and fungal meningitis
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30
Q

Monocyte Clinical Significance

A
  • Normal * Viral, tubercular, and fungal
    meningitis
  • Multiple sclerosis
31
Q

Macrophages Clinical Significance

A

RBCs in spinal fluid
Contrast media

32
Q

Blast forms Clinical Significance

A

Acute leukemia

33
Q

Plasma cells Clinical Significance

A
  • Multiple sclerosis
    Lymphocyte reactions
34
Q

NONPATHOLOGICALLY
SIGNIFICANT CELLS

A

CHOROIDAL CELLS
EPENDYMAL CELLS
SPINDLE SHAPED CELLS

35
Q

MALIGNANT CELLS
HEMATOLOGIC:

A

LYMPHOBLAST
MYELOBLAST
MONOBLAST
LYMPHOMA CELLS

36
Q

MALIGNANT CELLS
NONHEMATOLOGIC:

A

ASTROCYTOMA
RETINOBLASTOMA
MEDULLOBLASTOMA

37
Q

Choroidal cells are from

A

epithelial lining of the choroid
plexus.

38
Q

Ependymal cells are from

A

lining of the ventricles and
neural canal.

39
Q

Spindle-shaped cells are from

A

lining cells from
the arachnoid.

40
Q

CSF PROTEINS normal value

A

15 to 45 mg/dL

41
Q

CSF PROTEINS increased in

A

Damage to BBB (Meningitis,
Hemorrhage)
Production of Igs in CNS (Multiple
Sclerosis)

42
Q

CSF proteins decreased in

A

CSF Leakage

43
Q

Major CSF protein

44
Q

2nd most major protein

A

Prealbumin

45
Q

Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin

A

tau protein

46
Q

NOT FOUND IN CSF:

A

lgM,
Fibrinogen and Lipids

47
Q

unique to CSF

A

Tau protein

48
Q

–protein component of
lipid-protein complex that insulates the nerve fibers

A

Myelin basic protein

49
Q

Glucose normal value

A

60% to 70% of
the plasma glucose

50
Q

bacterial clin sig

A

dec. glucose
+ inc. neutrophils

51
Q

tubular clin sig

A

dec. glucose + inc.
lymphocyte

52
Q

viral clin sig

A

normal glucose
inc lymphocytes

53
Q

Destruction of tissue within the CNS owing to oxygen deprivation
(hypoxia) causes the production of
increased CSF lactic acid levels.

54
Q

Lactate normal value

A

10-24 mg/dl

55
Q

Glutamine normal value

A

8-18 mg/dl

56
Q

GRam positive cocci

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae

57
Q

Gram neg rods

A

Haemophilus influenzae
Escherichia coli

58
Q

gram neg cocci

A

Neisseria meningitidis

59
Q

Birth to 1 month CA

A

S. agalactiae

60
Q

1 month to 5 y/o CA

A

H. influenza

61
Q

5 to 29 y/o CA

A

N. meningitides

62
Q

> 29 y/o CA

A

S. pneumonia

63
Q

Infants, elderly,
immunocompromised CA

A

L. monocytogenes

64
Q

WBC in bacterial

A

Neutrophils

65
Q

WBC in viral

A

Lymphocytes

66
Q

WBC in tubular

A

Lymphocytes and monocytes

67
Q

WBC in fungal

A

Lymphocytes and monocytes

68
Q

tests to detect the presence of C. neoformans antigen in serum
and CSF provide a more sensitive method than the India ink preparation

A

Latex agglutination test

69
Q

can provide a rapid method for detecting C. neoformans

A

lateral flow assay

70
Q

(LAF) reagent strip coated with monoclonal antibodies that react with the cryptococcal
polysaccharide capsule

A

lateral flow assay

71
Q

does not appear to be as sensitive to N. meningitidis

A

Bacterial antigen test (BAT)

72
Q

test for neurosyphilis

A

Venereal Disease Research Laboratories (VDRL)-

73
Q

test for syphilis

A

fluorescent treponemal antibody-absorption (FTA-ABS)

74
Q

not recommended because it is less
sensitive than the VDRL

A
  • rapid plasma regain (RPR)

AUB LEC MIDTERM (3 decks)

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