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Clin Med 2 > Renal Diagnostics > Flashcards

Renal Diagnostics Flashcards

1
Q

PSA level blood test should be done BEFORE what exam and why?

A

Following a prostate manipulation of some kind because it will raise levels

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2
Q

What can be a quick test for dehydration?

A

Increased BUN

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3
Q

Increased protein in the urine is an early sign of what?

A

Glomerular disease

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4
Q

RBC casts equal what?

A

Glomerulonephritis

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5
Q

WBC casts equal what?

A

Acute pyelonephritis

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6
Q

Epithelial cell casts (tubular) are signs of what?

A

Acute tubular necrosis (most common type of acute renal disease)

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7
Q

Urine that is positive for LE, nitrites, and WBCs should be sent for what?

A

culture and sensitivity

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8
Q

What is a 24 hour urine culture used for?

A

quantitative protein

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9
Q

Nephrotic syndrome has greater than 3g of protein in the urine in 24 hours. Nephritic is what amount?

A

less than 3g

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10
Q

What is the ONE type of radioleucent stone? What study will you NOT see it on?

A

Uric Acid stone. Can’t see it if it’s around a bone because they would both be leucent, KUB (radiography)

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11
Q

What is the appropriate initial test in patients with renal failure of unknown etiology? What is it the test of choice for?

A

Renal ultrasonography; to excude urinary obstruction

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12
Q

Doppler U/S is used if you’re worried about what? What would you follow it up with?

A

Anything that is involving BLOOD and vasculature; CTAngio is next

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13
Q

If you order a CT for kidney stone, what kind do you get?

A

a NON-CONTRAST CT because the contrast will hide it, will even pick up uric acid stone, Contrast is considered an exogenous toxin anyway

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14
Q

When is a CT useful in renal dx?

A

to distinguish between benign and malignant cysts, find a stone you couldn’t get on KUB

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15
Q

What disease will allow you to palpate the kidney (only one)?

A

Polycystic kidney disease

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16
Q

What is used if US or CT is nondiagnostic?

A

MRI, watch Gadolinium toxicity in Stage 3 renal failure

17
Q

What is the intravenous pyelogram used for?

A

Size and shape of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder, highly sensitive and specific for kidney stones, CT is still used before this one, though

18
Q

What does hematuria mean in an adult (until proven otherwise)?

A

Bladder cancer, terminal stream hematuria is sometimes related to enlarged prostate. DO A CYSTOSCOPY TO LOOK FOR CANCER

19
Q

What is renal angiograph used for?

A

Pre-op vasculature eval. Renal angiography can show you stenosis, but not used that often because other things are available

20
Q

What is a cystourethrogram used to evaluate?

A

vesicoureteral reflux up into the urine from the bladder, also can be used to evaluate voiding

21
Q

What is the indication for a cystoscopy?

A

To assess bladder and ureteral involvement due to malignancies

22
Q

How is a prostate ultrasound and biopsy performed?

A

transrectally

23
Q

What stage of CKD is associated with a GFR less than 15?

A

5, renal failure

24
Q

What stage of CKD is associated with GFR of 15-29?

A

4, severe GFR decrease

25
Q

What stage of CKD is associated with GFR of 30-59?

A

3, moderate GFR decrease

26
Q

What stage of CKD is associated with GFR of 60-89?

A

2

27
Q

What stage of CKD is associated with GFR of 90-119?

A

1

28
Q

If you have a decreased GFR, what are some tests that might tell you the cause?

A

ANA, ANCA, anti-glomerular basement membrane AB, Hep B&C antibodies, antistreptolysin O
RF, complement, or SPEP

29
Q

When are urinary eosinophils seen most often?

A

in acute interstitial nephritis

30
Q

What urine test do you perform if you suspect multiple myeloma?

A

urine immunoelectrophoresis

31
Q

What is the test of choice for nephrolithiasis?

A

Non-contrast CT

32
Q

You see bilateral hypodense streaks on a non-contrast CT. What do you suspect?

A

bilateral pyelonephritis

33
Q

What test would you do to follow up with a renal doppler ultrasound to evaluate vascular disease?

A

CTA

34
Q

When is MRI gadolinium contraindicated?

A

in stage 4 chronic renal failure and any type of acute renal failure

35
Q

What should you suspect if you see a “string of pearls” on renal angiography?

A

fibromuscular dysplasia

36
Q

What is used to evaluate renal mass, nephrotic syndrome, acute nephritic syndrome, any unexplained acute renal failure, and transplant rejection eval?

A

Renal biopsy +/- U/S

37
Q

What are three main indications for using a cystoscopy?

A

To assess bladder and renal involvement due to malignancies, to diagnose intrinsic bladder disease, to evaluate urogynecological conditions

38
Q

What is a testicular u/s used for?

A

testicular torsion dx

39
Q

What is a TRUS? When is it indicated?

A

transrectal ultrasound; to detect prostate cancer in pts with high PSA

Clin Med 2 (13 decks)

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