Diabetes Flashcards
What is considered diagnositic for DM?
HbA1c>6.5
FBG>126
OGTT>200
random BG>200
What is considered prediabetic?
FBG 100-125 mg/dl
OGTT 140-199 2 hours post glucose
HbA1c 5.7-6.4
What is considered gestational diabetes?
Fasting >92
1 hr post OGTT > 180
2 hr post OGTT >153
What is the threshold for glucose in the urine?
150-180 mg/dl, not the same in PGN women!
What are appropriate therapeutic glucose levels in diabetes?
Pre-meal glucose: 80 – 120 mg/dl
2 hours post-meal: 100 – 160 mg/dl
Bedtime glucose: 100 – 140 mg/dl
What are desirable BG goals in PGN?
premeal: < 95
1 hour post: <120
(these are the midpoints of normal diabetic control. KEEP IT SIMPLE!)
Labs of DKA
High BG, high urine glucose, low CO2, high urine ketone, ADMIT WITH HIGH SERUM KETONES
What are adrenergic sx of hypoglycemia?
weakness, hunger, anxiety, sweating, tremor, P>100
What are neuroglycopenic sx of hypoglycemia?
HA, dizziness, confusion, clouded vision, seizure, coma
What is the treatment for unconscious pt with low BG (usu less than 40)?
IM or SQ glucagon 1 mg IV dextrose (20-50 ml bolus then maintain >100 with D5W or D10W)
Postprandial alimentary hypoglycemia
low BG
Postprandial functional hypoglycemia
normal BG
Glipizide
Glucotrol
Glimepriride
Amaryl
regaglinide
prandin
nateglinide
starlix
Sitagliptin
januvia
Saxagliptin
onglyza
Exenetide
Byetta
Pramlintide
Symlin
Glyburide and metformin
glucovance
Acarbose
Precose
Pioglitazone
rosiglitazone
Actos
Avandia
Pancreatic failure:
Overproduction of glucose by liver:
Overeating (high postprandial glucose):
Insulin resistance (esp. muscle & fat):
Sulfonylureas, incretin mimetics
Metformin; DPP-4 inhibitor
exenatide; acarbose; DPP-4 inhibitor
Metformin; thiazolidinediones (TZDs)
