Renal cysts Flashcards
1
Q
Renal cysts
A
Fluid-filled sacs found in the kidney
2
Q
Simple Cysts
A
- Well-defined
- develop from the renal tubule epithelium
3
Q
Complex cysts
A
Complicated structure:
- thick walls
- septations
- calcification
- heterogeneous enhancement on imaging
- risk of malignancy
4
Q
Risk Factors
A
Increasing age
Smoking
Hypertension
Male
Genetic:
- polycystic kidney disease
- tuberous sclerosis
- Von Hippel-Lindau disease
5
Q
Polycystic Kidney Disease
A
- Autosomal dominant
- Mutations in the PKD1 or PKD2 genes
- also associated with Berry aneurysm formation
- eventually develop end-stage renal failure
- HTN
6
Q
Clinical Features
A
Normally asymptomatic
if ruptures or infected:
- flank pain
- haematuria
7
Q
Investigations
A
Bloods
USS
CT KUB with IV contrast - gold standard
8
Q
Management
A
Asymptomatic simple cysts - no treatment required
Symptomatic simple renal cysts:
- simple analgesia
- needle aspiration
- cyst deroofing
